Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Hematology II > Body Fluids > Flashcards

Body Fluids Flashcards

1
Q

What three membranes cover the brain + spinal cord (out to in?)

A

Duramater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is CSF found?

A

In the subarachnoid space, between arachnoid and pia mater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is CSF formed? (Roughly…what cell and what kind of transport?)

A

formed by choroid plexus cells which turn plasma into CSF; active transport between blood + CSF (active secretion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the volume ranges of CSF for Adults and neonates?

A

A: 90 - 150 mL
N: 10 - 60 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or false: CSF is an ultrafiltrate

A

False, it is not an ultrafiltrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or false: CSF is reabsorbed into the blood in arachnoid granulations via one way valves

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Compared to blood, what is the composition of CSF?

A
  • Less glucose, bicarb/urea
  • more Na+, Mg+ and Cl-
  • very little protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What controls substance presence in CSF?

A

The blood brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are Abx (antibiotics) and medicines included in the blood brain barrier?

A

No they are excluded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some functions of the blood brain barrier?

A
  • protecting the brain/spinal cord from traumatic pressure
  • maintain chemical environment
  • remove waste
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the purpose of CSF examination?

A

Examine if you suspect infections/hemorrhage/tumor and can treat intracranial hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the process of CSF collection called?

A

Lumbar puncture, between L3-L4 vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True or false: CSF collection usually has passive dripping, higher pressures mean faster outputs of CSF.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how early should you perform a cell count/slide after collection of CSF?

A

30 minutes of receipt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or false: for CSF, you can perform cell counts with tubes for chemistry and hematology

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or false: You can only perform a diff on a CSF sample tube for hematology

A

True, it has the most accurate counts since it is the least contaminated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

If not possible to test immediately after CSF collection, how would you store:
Hem tubes?
Chem/serology?
Micro?
Extra fluids?

A

Hem - refrigerate
Chem - frozen
Micro - RT
Extras - frozen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do the progression of tubes look like in a Traumatic Tap?

A

Subsequent tubes become more clear although some blood is present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do the progression of tubes look like in a Hemorrhage?

A

all tubes are equally bloody :( ew

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Xanthochromic coloring is seen in which CSF sample tap? (traumatic or hemorrhage?)

A

Hemorrhage, it is caused by bilirubin

21
Q

True or false: Traumatic Tap does not have a clot

A

False: traumatic taps have clots; hemorrhages do not since the clot already happened

22
Q

What is erythrophagia? what does it relate to?

A

Red cells being eaten by macrophages (long live) it is related to hemorrhages

23
Q

True or false: Hemorrhages are positive for D-Dimers

24
Q

Explain the difference in appearance of low turbidity and high turbidity in CSF

A

Low turbidity is clear
high turbidity is colored (color is reported by chemistry)

25
What is the reference range of protein in CSF (chemistry)?
15 - 45 mg/dL
26
What is the equation for corrected CSF protein?
Correct CSF = Measured CSF protein - CSF RBC/1200 (every 1200 rbc increases the protein)
27
Causes of CSF protein is >65 ?
Damage to blood brain barrier (meningitis/hemorrhage) Ig production decreased clearance degeneration of tissues
28
What causes a decrease in CSF protein?
leakage
29
Low levels of Glucose in CSF is caused by what? high levels?
low - meningitis or subarachnoid hemorrhage High levels - traumatic tap, diabetic coma
30
True or false: Myelin basic protein is used to monitor MS
True
31
What does IEF do?
Detects bands (Igs) and indicates if there is inflammation (oligoclonal)
32
What do you use to dilute a sample with many cells in a CSF collection?
Dilute w/ saline
33
In a CSF sample with many cells, what solution would you use to lyse RBCs? what is it composed of?
Turk solution, made of glacial acetic acid or methylene blue
34
How many primary squares are counted for CSF cell counts?
9 primary squares (count entire chamber unless count is very high)
35
What is the WBC reference range for CSF cell counts?
WBC (all less than or equal to) Adults <5 / mm3 Child <10 / mm3 Neonate <30 /mm3
36
What is the RBC ref range for CSF cell counts?
less than or equal to RBC <5 /mm3
37
True or false: Traumatic tap does not affect cell counts
False, it does affect the count
38
What is the equation for corrected CSF WBC?
Corrected = Measured CSF wbc - blood wbc * CSF rbc/blood rbc
39
What must you do to a CSF sample before performing a WBC Diff?
Cytocentrifuge it so that it concentrates it into a monolayer
40
What can you add to a CSF sample to increase the cell yield and stabilize the membrane during a WBC diff?
Albumin (30%) but can also produce some cellular distortion
41
What are the ref ranges for cells in a WBC diff for CSF?
Adults approx 70% lymphs 30% monos occasional PMN ok Neonates 30% lymphs 70% monos
42
What cell is primary in Bacterial Meningitis?
Neuts (duh) and they often contain phagocytized bacteria
43
What cells are increased in viral/fungal TB and meningitis? HIV/AIDS?
Lymphs and monos Reactive lymphs with viral meningitis MS has 50 or less lymphs Also seen with HIV/AIDS
44
True or false: Macrophages may be seen after many taps (CSF)
TRUE
45
What cells are seen with Bone marrow contamination?
nRBCs
46
True or false: macrophages enter CSF during a hemorrhage within 2hr to phagocytize rbcs
yes true
47
What are hemosiderin granules?
Dark granules caused by degraded RBCs (macros phagocytized them)
48
True or false: Choroidal cells are epithelial lining cells of choroid plexus and can be singular or clumped
true
49
What cells would you see in a smear of someone with Leukemia?
Lymphoblasts, monoblasts and myeloblasts

Hematology II (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions