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CCP 5/CCP 5.1 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology > Body Defense Mechanisms > Flashcards

Body Defense Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Weaves between tissue cells and blood capillaries

A

Lymph capillaries

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2
Q

Vessels collect lymph from lymph capillaries

A

Lymphatic collecting vessels

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3
Q

Duct that drains the lymph from the right arm and the right side of the head and thorax

A

Right lymphatic duct

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4
Q

Duct that drains lymph from the rest of the body

A

Thoracic duct

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5
Q

Refers to the body’s specific protective response to an invading foreign agent or organism

A

Immunity

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6
Q

Defense system that responds immediately to protect body from foreign materials

A

Innate (nonspecific) defense system

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7
Q

Defense system that fights invaders that get past the innate system

A

Adaptive (specific) defense system

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8
Q

Is a nonspecific immunity present at birth

A

Natural immunity

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9
Q

Specific immunity that develops after birth

A

Acquired immunity

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10
Q

Cells that burst and kill cancer and virus-infected cells

A

Natural killer cells

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11
Q

2 chemicals secreted by NK cells that degrade target cell contents

A

Perforin, Granzymes

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12
Q

Triggered when body tissues are injured

A

Inflammatory response

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13
Q

4 most common indicators of acute inflammation

A

Redness, Heat, Pain, Swelling

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14
Q

2 inflammatory chemicals released by damaged cells

A

Histamine, Kinin

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15
Q

Process where phagocytes and white blood cells move into the inflamed area

A

Positive chemotaxis

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16
Q

Cells like neutrophils and macrophages that engulf foreign foreign material by phagocytosis

A

Phagocytes

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17
Q

Proteins that enhance innate defenses by attacking microorganisms directly

A

Antimicrobial proteins

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18
Q

Refers to a group of at least 20 plasma proteins that circulate in the plasma

A

Complement proteins

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19
Q

Process where complement is activated when the plasma proteins encounter and attach to cells

A

Complement fixation

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20
Q

Are small proteins that are secreted by virus-infected cells

A

Interferons

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21
Q

Abnormally high body temperature that is a systemic response to invasion by microorganisms

A

Fever

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22
Q

Gland that regulates body temperature at 37ºC

A

Hypothalamus

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23
Q

Are the body’s specific defense system, or the third line of defense

A

Adaptive body defense

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24
Q

Is the immune system’s response to a threat

A

Immune response

25
Q

Are any substance capable of exciting the immune system and provoking an immune response

A

Antigens

26
Q

3 aspects of adaptive defense

A

Antigen specific, Systemic, Memory

27
Q

The adaptive defense system recognizes and acts against particular foreign substances

A

Antigen specific

28
Q

Immunity is not restricted to the initial infection site

A

Systemic

29
Q

The adaptive defense system recognizes and mounts a stronger attack on previously encountered pathogens

A

Memory

30
Q

2 arms of the adaptive defense system

A

Humoral immunity, Cellular immunity

31
Q

Antibody-mediated immunity; provided by antibodies present in body fluids

A

Humoral immunity

32
Q

Cell-mediated immunity; targets virus infected cells, cancer cells, and cells of foreign grafts

A

Cellular immunity

33
Q

Are antigens that do not trigger an immune response to ourselves

A

Self-antigens

34
Q

Are not antigenic by themselves; found in poison ivy, animal dander, etc.

A

Haptens/Incomplete antigens

35
Q

Cells that respond to specific antigens

A

Lymphocytes

35
Q

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies and oversee humoral immunity (develop immunocompetence in the bone marrow)

A

B lymphocytes (B cells)

36
Q

Lymphocytes that constitute the cell-mediated arm of the adaptive defenses (develop immunocompetence in the thymus)

A

T lymphocytes (T cells)

37
Q

Cells that help the lymphocytes but do not respond to specific antigens

A

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

38
Q

The capability to respond to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors

A

Immunocompetent

39
Q

Cells that engulf antigens and then present fragments of them on their own surfaces

A

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

40
Q

Humoral response where a large number of clones is produced

A

Primary humoral response

41
Q

Constitute the gamma globulin part of blood proteins

A

Antibodies/Immunoglobulin

42
Q

Process where chief antibody ammunition is used against cellular antigens

A

Complement fixation

43
Q

Process where antibodies bind to specific sites on bacterial exotoxins or on viruses that can cause cell injury

A

Neutralization

44
Q

Process of antibody-antigen reaction that causes clumping of cells

A

Agglutination

45
Q

Process of cross-linking reaction in which antigen-antibody complex settles out of solution

A

Precipitation

46
Q

5 major immunoglobulin classes (MADGE)

A

IgM, IgA, IgD, IgG, IgE

47
Q

Ig that can fix complement

A

IgM

48
Q

Ig found mainly in secretions, such as mucus or tears

A

IgA

49
Q

Ig important in activation of B cells

A

IgD

50
Q

Ig that can cross the placental barrier and fix complement; most abundant antibody in plasma

A

IgG

51
Q

Ig involved in allergies

A

IgE

52
Q

Are relatively short-lived activated cells that defend the body in an immune response

A

Effector cells

53
Q

Cells that specialize in killing infected cells

A

Cytotoxic T cells

54
Q

Cells that recruit other cells to fight invaders

A

Helper T cells

55
Q

Chemicals that act directly to rid the body of antigens

A

Cytokines

56
Q

Cells that release chemicals to suppress the activity of T and B cells

A

Regulatory T cells

57
Q

Is a concept where a virus can no longer infect people easily because most of the population is made immune to it

A

Herd immunity

CCP 5/CCP 5.1 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (3 decks)

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