Body Coordination

Question 1

Define the term pathogen

Answer 1

an organism causing disease to its host

Question 2

Example of a disease caused by a bacterium

Answer 2

salmonella

Question 3

Example of a disease caused by a virus

Answer 3

influenza virus

Question 4

Is a virus a living pathogen.

Answer 4

No, viruses replicate they do not reproduce
(Movment.Respiration.Sensitivity.Growth.Reproduction.Excretion.Nutrition)

Question 5

How can pathogens be transmitted

Answer 5

Direct contact with bodily fluids, Airborne, Contaminated objects/food, Vector

Question 6

list three protective behaviours that can reduce the transmission of disease

Answer 6

Antibiotics, Antiseptics, Disinfectant

Question 7

identify suitable treatment options for bacteria and virus’ including antibiotics and antiseptics

Answer 7

Antibiotic medicines kill or keep many bacteria from growing but don’t treat viruses.

Question 8

Describe how the first line of defence protects against pathogen entry.

Answer 8

they protect the body from any harmful pathogens entering.

Question 9

Explain how vaccines work

Answer 9

a small inactive pathogen enters the body, memory cells are produced, they remember the pathogen so the next time it enters the body it can fight it off faster.

Question 10

discuss the controversy surrounding vaccinations in Australia

Answer 10

people thought it caused autism

Question 11

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 11

Includes the brain and spinal cord

Question 12

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 12

contains all neurons found outside of the brain and spinal cord

Question 13

State the function the brain and spinal cord

Answer 13

The brain controls everything we do and how our body functions. The spinal cord sends motor commands from the brain to the body, sends sensory information from the body to the brain and coordinates reflexes.

Question 14

Identify the parts of a neuron

Answer 14

dendrites, cell body, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminal

Question 15

Dendrites function

Answer 15

Receive impulses and pass them to the cell body

Question 16

Cell body function

Answer 16

Connects the dendrites to the axon

Question 17

Nucleus function

Answer 17

Controls the cells function

Question 18

Axon function

Answer 18

Pass electrical impulse to the axon terminal

Question 19

Myelin Sheath function

Answer 19

allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells.

Question 20

Axon terminal function

Answer 20

eleases the neurotransmitters that relay signals across a synapse.

Question 21

structure and function of motor neuron

Answer 21

structure - cell body at the top, followed by the axon terminal, myelin sheath and the axon, ending with the dendrites.
Function -allow us to move, speak, swallow and breathe by sending commands from the brain to the muscles that carry out these functions.

Question 22

structure and function of sensory neuron

Answer 22

Structure - dendrites on either side, in the middle is the myelin sheath and axon, in the middle to those is the cell body.
Function - sending off signals to the rest of the nervous system about the information they have received.

Question 23

structure and function of interneuron

Answer 23

Structure - No axon, only dendrites and cell body.
Function-carry sensory information and regulate motor activity

Question 24

Identify the location of the receptors in the body

Answer 24

Sensory receptors occur in specialised organs such as the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, as well as internal organs

Question 25

List five examples of stimuli

Answer 25

sound, chemicals, pressure, pain, temp

Question 26

reflex arc

Answer 26

Stimulus, Receptors, Sensory neurons, and interneurons

Question 27

Describe the importance of reflexes

Answer 27

reflexes help prevent the body from serious injury

Question 28

Define a hormone

Answer 28

Chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body

Question 29

Define homeostasis

Answer 29

self regulating process by which an organism tends to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are best for survival.

Question 30

State the function of the endocrine gland

Answer 30

They release hormones into the bloodstream

Question 31

Identify the glands responsible for puberty and the development changes experienced by males and females.

Answer 31

pituitary gland ,testes and ovaries.

Question 32

Identify the hormones responsible for puberty and the development changes experienced by males and females.

Answer 32

ovaries release hormones oestrogen and progesterone, testes release hormone testosterone.

Question 33

Complete a negative feedback loop to describe the control of blood glucose levels

Answer 33

stimulus : Increased blood glucose levels - receptor : pancreas - Modulator : Pancreas makes insulin -Effector :Most body cells - Response : Glucose enters the cell and glucose is converted into glycogen - Feedback: Blood glucose levels decrease(back to homeostasis

Question 34

Compare the cause of type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Answer 34

Type 1 is a genetic thing however type 2 is caused by poor lifestyle choices.

Question 35

Compare the treatment available for type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Answer 35

treatment of type 1 is using an insulin pump to insert insulin into the bloodstream. treatment of type 2 is to eat healthier and to stay active

Question 36

Compare the nervous system and endocrine system.

Answer 36

Nervous system - much faster, message travels through the spinal cord from the brain. Endocrine system - slower, travels through cells

Question 37

reflex arc

Answer 37

Stimulus: change in environment - receptor : where the pain is felt - sensory neuron - interneuron(in spinal cord) - motor neuron - effector: muscles where it hurts e.g. arm/leg - response: what you do

Question 38

label a diagram of the different endocrine crime glands in the body

Answer 38

testes, ovaries, pituitary gland, pancreas

Question 39

Chemical reactions that involve glucose

Answer 39

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis

Question 40

How does a consumer receive an input of glucose

Answer 40

eating food

Question 41

relationship between glucose and glycogen

Answer 41

Glucose is small molecules of sugar while glycogen is a large chain of glucose molecules joined together.