Body Coordination Flashcards
Define the term pathogen
an organism causing disease to its host
Example of a disease caused by a bacterium
salmonella
Example of a disease caused by a virus
influenza virus
Is a virus a living pathogen.
No, viruses replicate they do not reproduce
(Movment.Respiration.Sensitivity.Growth.Reproduction.Excretion.Nutrition)
How can pathogens be transmitted
Direct contact with bodily fluids, Airborne, Contaminated objects/food, Vector
list three protective behaviours that can reduce the transmission of disease
Antibiotics, Antiseptics, Disinfectant
identify suitable treatment options for bacteria and virus’ including antibiotics and antiseptics
Antibiotic medicines kill or keep many bacteria from growing but don’t treat viruses.
Describe how the first line of defence protects against pathogen entry.
they protect the body from any harmful pathogens entering.
Explain how vaccines work
a small inactive pathogen enters the body, memory cells are produced, they remember the pathogen so the next time it enters the body it can fight it off faster.
discuss the controversy surrounding vaccinations in Australia
people thought it caused autism
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Includes the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
contains all neurons found outside of the brain and spinal cord
State the function the brain and spinal cord
The brain controls everything we do and how our body functions. The spinal cord sends motor commands from the brain to the body, sends sensory information from the body to the brain and coordinates reflexes.
Identify the parts of a neuron
dendrites, cell body, nucleus, axon, myelin sheath, axon terminal
Dendrites function
Receive impulses and pass them to the cell body
Cell body function
Connects the dendrites to the axon
Nucleus function
Controls the cells function
Axon function
Pass electrical impulse to the axon terminal
Myelin Sheath function
allows electrical impulses to transmit quickly and efficiently along the nerve cells.
Axon terminal function
eleases the neurotransmitters that relay signals across a synapse.
structure and function of motor neuron
structure - cell body at the top, followed by the axon terminal, myelin sheath and the axon, ending with the dendrites.
Function -allow us to move, speak, swallow and breathe by sending commands from the brain to the muscles that carry out these functions.
structure and function of sensory neuron
Structure - dendrites on either side, in the middle is the myelin sheath and axon, in the middle to those is the cell body.
Function - sending off signals to the rest of the nervous system about the information they have received.
structure and function of interneuron
Structure - No axon, only dendrites and cell body.
Function-carry sensory information and regulate motor activity
Identify the location of the receptors in the body
Sensory receptors occur in specialised organs such as the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth, as well as internal organs
List five examples of stimuli
sound, chemicals, pressure, pain, temp
reflex arc
Stimulus, Receptors, Sensory neurons, and interneurons
Describe the importance of reflexes
reflexes help prevent the body from serious injury
Define a hormone
Chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body
Define homeostasis
self regulating process by which an organism tends to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are best for survival.
State the function of the endocrine gland
They release hormones into the bloodstream
Identify the glands responsible for puberty and the development changes experienced by males and females.
pituitary gland ,testes and ovaries.
Identify the hormones responsible for puberty and the development changes experienced by males and females.
ovaries release hormones oestrogen and progesterone, testes release hormone testosterone.
Complete a negative feedback loop to describe the control of blood glucose levels
stimulus : Increased blood glucose levels - receptor : pancreas - Modulator : Pancreas makes insulin -Effector :Most body cells - Response : Glucose enters the cell and glucose is converted into glycogen - Feedback: Blood glucose levels decrease(back to homeostasis
Compare the cause of type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Type 1 is a genetic thing however type 2 is caused by poor lifestyle choices.
Compare the treatment available for type 1 and type 2 diabetes
treatment of type 1 is using an insulin pump to insert insulin into the bloodstream. treatment of type 2 is to eat healthier and to stay active
Compare the nervous system and endocrine system.
Nervous system - much faster, message travels through the spinal cord from the brain.
Endocrine system - slower, travels through cells
reflex arc
Stimulus: change in environment - receptor : where the pain is felt - sensory neuron - interneuron(in spinal cord) - motor neuron - effector: muscles where it hurts e.g. arm/leg - response: what you do
label a diagram of the different endocrine crime glands in the body
testes, ovaries, pituitary gland, pancreas
Chemical reactions that involve glucose
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
How does a consumer receive an input of glucose
eating food
relationship between glucose and glycogen
Glucose is small molecules of sugar while glycogen is a large chain of glucose molecules joined together.
