BODY COMPOSITION, MID-ARM CONFERENCE, FAN FOLD OR SKIN-FOLD THICKNESS Flashcards
- Atomic Level
- Molecular Level
- Cellular Level
- Tissue-Organ Level
- Whole Body Level
Level of Human Body Composition
body mass is composed of
ATOMIC LEVEL 11 major elements
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
4 of the major elements
make up greater than 96% of body mass.
4 of the major elements
calcium, potassium, phosphorous, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium.
other major elements
water, lipid, protein, carbohydrates, bone minerals (BMs), and soft tissue minerals
Molecular Lever
provides for multiple models based on different cell types.
Cellular Level
models of extracellular solids, extracellular fluid, and cells
Cellular Level
adipose tissue (AT), skeletal muscle (SM), visceral organs, and bone
Tissue-Organ Level
single solid organs such as brain, heart, liver, and spleen. Others, such as SM and AT, are interspersed throughout the bod
Tissue-Organ Level
appendages, trunk, and head.
Whole Body Level
are usually described by anthropometric measures such as circumferences, skeletal lengths, breadths, and skinfold thicknesses.
trunk and appendages
include body weight (WT), volume, density, and electrical impedance
Whole Body Level
Other 1: Nitrogen and other elements
Other 2: Minerals, carbohydrates and other molecules
Other 3: Other tissues
Whole Body Level
The ultimate method for assessment of body composition is chemical analysis of the
human cadaver
considered to be the reference method for the assessment of body composition (discriminating fat mass from fat free mass), and other methods are generally validated against these techniques
Multicomponent models/ multi-compartment models
Mid-Arm Conference (MAC)
Fan Fold, or Skin-Fold Thickness
ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT
helpful tool for a quick evaluation of nutritional status.
Mid-Arm Conference (MAC)
utilized in underdeveloped nations for quick and thorough nutrition surveillance and screening programs.
Mid-Arm Conference (MAC)
affordable technique to determine the nutritional status of patients
Mid-Arm Conference (MAC)
quick measurement of arm circumference
Bangle Test
f a fiber glass ring with an internal diameter of 4 cm is slid up the arm and reaches the elbow, it indicates that the kid is _____and that the upper arm is
underweight
less than 12.5 cm long
a tape made up of fiber glass.
Shakir tape
less than 12.5 cm
red
12.5- 13.5 cm
yellow
greater than 13.5 c
green
developed on the principle that acute starvation severely affects mid-arm circumference while height is unaffected.
QUAC Stick
a height measuring rod, calibrated in MAC
QUAC Stick
The malnourished child would be_____than the anticipated height derived from the mid-arm circumference
taller
with 2 sets of markings
developed on the principle that acute starvation severely affects mid arm circumference
Meter rod
Between 1 and 5 years of age, healthy children ‘ s development generally stays between
15 and 17 cm.
It indicates severe malnutrition by measuring
12.5 cm
moderate malnutrition is present if it measures
12.5 to 13.5 cm
Normal MUAC in males
> 23
Normal MUAC in females
> 22
can be used as an age-independent screening measure for severe malnutrition because it doesn ‘t increase significantly between the ages of
6 months and 5 years.
measures the thickness of subcutaneous fat at various sites of the body from which total body fat and contribution of fat to body mass can be estimated.
Fan Fold, or Skin-Fold Thickness
a reliable, cheap, simple, noninvasive method of body fat estimation at all ages including the newborn period
Fan Fold, or Skin-Fold Thickness
used to assess the skinfold thickness, so that a prediction of the total amount of body fat can be made
Skinfold caliper
Typically a non stretch fiber glass or plastic
used to locate the anatomical midpoints on the body where the skinfold measurement is taken
Measuring tape
• Skinfold measurement can be obtained from____different standard anatomical sites around the body using a caliper.
2 to 9
the most commonly used skin folds
subscapular and triceps skinfolds
a) Chest/Pectoral skinfold
b) Mid-Axillary
c) Supra-iliac or flank
d) Abdominal
e) Quadriceps/Mid-thigh
f) Triceps
g) Biceps
h) Subscapular
i) Medial Calf
Fan Fold, or Skin-Fold Thickness Sites:
9-15%
Male Up to 30
11-17%
Male Up to 30-50
12-19%
Male Up to 50 and above
14-21%
female Up to 30
15-23%
female Up to 30-50
16-25%
female Up to 50 and above
