body comp Flashcards
ways to measure to human body
BMI
Body composition
Centre of mass
how to measure body size
Height and weight
Stature (m) and body weight (kg) is a scientific analogue
Stature is more precise
what is morphology and Somatotypes
Morphology (somatotypes evaluated by muscularity, linearity and fatness)- to evaluate Body build
Somatotypes is a graph to show different body sizes
Body composition measurements
Chemical/ tissue composition
BMI index equation
BW/H^2
what is BMI linked to (negative factors)
a risk of death
Increased risk associated with being overweight/underweight with all causes
what and who is BMI used by commonly
for body fat and obesity
used by clinicians, researchers etc.
what is WHO’s role in BMI
Threshold values defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO)
limitations of BMI
Good for populations but limitations for individuals (especially athletes)
NFL football players
BMI
25-33
NBA basketball players
BMI
24.5
Professional cycling
BMI
21.5
Visceral fat indicators
Greatest risk to health
Deposited around organs
Abdominal measures
Waist: Hip ratio, Waist circumference
how science measures body composition
dissection, medical imaging, skinfold (kinanthropometry), Biometric impedance, archimedes (weighing it air then weighing in water for density), air displacement (Bod Pod)
Densities of bone, muscle and fat
Bone >muscle> fat
Density equation
= Mass/ Volume kgl-1
what is closely related to body comp
tissue density
define Centre of mass
Is the point where the mass is equally distributed in all directions
describe CoM for flat object with uniform mass
center of mass is middle of object
describe CoM for humans
are not uniformly dense/ perfectly symmetrical
what is the segmental methods
shows Each part of the body has its own CoM
define Kinematics
Is the branch of biomechanics concerned with describing the motion of bodies
define speed
Is the magnitude of the instantaneous velocity
define velocity and provide equation
change in position/ change in time
Not always constant
Signs ± provides direction of motion
define acceleration
Is the rate of change in velocity
Is the derivative of velocity with respect to time or the second derivative of position with respect to time
where is the greatest acceleration on a graph
steepest gradient
what equation to use when working out horizontal/vertical velocities : projectiles
Use SOH CAH TOA
History of High jumping
Scissors
Western roll
Straddle
Frosbury flop : Dick Fosbury in 1968 Olympics
Biomechanically efficient and CoM stays under bar as body goes over
how is there an Illusion of floating : grand jete
CoM follows normal trajectory but appears floating bc
head stays level, raised arms & legs at peak
