Body Co-ordination

Question 1

Optic Nerve

Answer 1

Carries the electrical signals from the retina to the brain

Question 2

Lens

Answer 2

Enables light to be focused on the Retina

Question 3

Cornea

Answer 3

Bends light into lens, in front of the iris

Question 4

Iris

Answer 4

The coloured part of the eye, contains the dilator and sphincter muscles. The muscle contracts and opens to control the amount of light let in.

Question 5

Pupil

Answer 5

An opening in the iris that determines the amount of light that enters.

Question 6

Retina

Answer 6

Absorbs light rays and turns them into electrical signals

Question 7

Chemoreceptors

Answer 7

Sensitive to chemicals (tongue) e.g food

Question 8

Thermoreceptors

Answer 8

Sensitive to temperature (fingers) e.g Summer (hot) and winter (cold)

Question 9

Photoreceptors

Answer 9

Sensitive to light (eyes)

Question 10

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 10

Sensitive to touch (fingers) e.g rough, smooth

Question 11

What happens in an involuntary response?

Answer 11

1. Stimulus- whatever happens to the body to start the reaction
2. Stretch Receptors - the receptors in the effected area send off a signal
3. Sensory Neurones carry the signal from the Receptors
4. Connector Neurones connect to Motor Neurones in spinal cord
5. Motor Neurones - carry the message to the EFFECTOR
6. Response/Reaction

Question 12

Central Nervous System

Answer 12

Brain and Spinal Cord, receives messages from all over the body. Examines these messages and tells the body what to do.

Question 13

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 13

Made up of sensory receptors and nerves. Made up of two different systems. Somatic Nervous System and Autonomic Nervous System

Question 14

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 14

Collects information through sensory organs, coordinates movement of the body, made up of sensory neurones and motor neurones

Question 15

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 15

Made up of two systems - Sympathetic Nervous System, speeds up functions
Parasympathetic Nervous System, slows everything down, the system in control when you are sleeping

Question 16

Motor Neurones

Answer 16

Send information away from CNS to effector organs/muscles

Question 17

Sensory Neurones

Answer 17

Send information to the CNS from effector organs/muscles

Question 18

Reflex

Answer 18

An involuntary or automatic action that your body does in response to something

Question 19

Hormone

Answer 19

Act as messengers in the body, co-ordinate our organs, made by endocrine glands, released into blood stream, stabalise our bodies internal environment

Question 20

Endocrine system

Answer 20

All the glands throughout our body. Coordinated by the pituitary gland which responds to orders from the hypothalmus

Question 21

Hypothalmus

Answer 21

Located in lower central part of brain, tell the pituitary gland whether to create or stop creating hormones

Question 22

Pituitary Gland

Answer 22

Located in base of brain. Considered the most important part of the endocrine system. It makes the hormones that control other glands

Question 23

Thyroid

Answer 23

Located near voice box, produces thyroxine which regulates the bodies overall metabolism

Question 24

Parathyroid

Answer 24

Attached to thyroid, produces parathyroid hormones which regulate the level of calcium in the body

Question 25

Thymus

Answer 25

Located in chest, produces hormones that strengthen the immune system

Question 26

Adrenal glands

Answer 26

The outer part, the adrenal cortex, produces hormones that regulate salt and water balance in the body,The inner part, the adrenal medulla produces adrenaline, epinephrine increases blood pressure and heart rate

Question 27

Pancreas

Answer 27

Located near liver. Produces insulin and glucagon.

They maintain the amount of glucose in the blood and keep the body supplied with fuel

Question 28

Gonads

Answer 28

Male Gonads
Known as testes. They create hormones called androgens, the most important is testosterone. Helps with everything involved with puberty.

Female Gonads The female gonads, or ovaries are located in her pelvis. They produce eggs and generate the female hormones estrogen & progesterone

Question 29

Homeostasis

Answer 29

The process of maintaining a constant internal environment. This is achieved by making sure the temperature, acidity and oxygen levels are set just right for your cells to survive.

Question 30

Controlling Body Temperature

Answer 30

Our body temperature stays around 37˚ C. The cells work best at this temperature.

Question 31

When does our body produce heat?

Answer 31

Digestion, growth and repair, respiration. making hormones, all of these are known as metabolism

Question 32

Colour of urine

Answer 32

The amount of water in urine is controlled by antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 33

Enzymes

Answer 33

Enzymes are complex protein molecules, they speed up reactions but are not used in the reaction, they are a catalyst. Enzymes are specific

Question 34

Metabolism

Answer 34

Metabolism is the process on how our bodies get the energy from food.

Question 35

Decrease in blood glucose

Answer 35

Glucagon is released into the blood stream

Question 36

Increase in blood glucose

Answer 36

Insulin is released into blood stream

Question 37

Blood Sugar Control

Answer 37

This is done by the pancreas which releases hormones that regulate the usage and storage of glucose by cells. The pancreas produces two important hormones, insulin and glucagon