Body Cavities

Question 1

Rolls up —> CNS

Answer 1

Ectoderm

Question 2

Rolls down to form gut

Answer 2

Ectoderm

Question 3

Keeps the two tubes in place

Answer 3

Mesoderm

Question 4

2 layers of the lateral plate mesoderm

Answer 4

Splanchnic/Visceral

Somatic/Parietal

Question 5

Rolls ventrally and intimately connected to gut tube

Answer 5

Lateral plate mesoderm

Question 6

These form the Lateral Body Wall Folds

Answer 6

Somatic/Parietal Lateral Plate Mesoderm + Ectoderm

Question 7

Lateral Body Wall Folds love

Answer 7

Ventrally and meet in the midline —> closing the Ventral Body Wall

Question 8

Space bet visceral and parietal layers of the lateral plate mesoderm

Answer 8

Primitive Body Cavity

Question 9

Where muscles of the ant abd wall come from

Answer 9

Somatic mesoderm

Question 10

Only site where closure of the ventral body wall is incomplete

Answer 10

Region of connecting stalk (future umbilical cord)

Question 11

Only site where closure of gut tube is incomplete

Answer 11

Vitelline Duct (yolk sac)

Question 12

Connection between midgut and yolk sac

Answer 12

Vitelline duct

Question 13

Serous membranes

Answer 13

Dorsal and ventral mesentery

Question 14

Where visceral and parietal layers are continuous with one another

A. Dorsal Mesentery
B. Ventral Mesentery

Answer 14

A

Question 15

Suspends gut tube from posterior body wall into __________

^function of dorsal mesentery

Answer 15

Peritoneal cavity

Question 16

Extends from caudal limit of the foregut to the end of the hindgut

A. Dorsal Mesentery
B. Ventral Mesentery

Answer 16

A

Question 17

Greater Omentum
Mesentery/Root of mesentery
Dorsal mesocolon
Dorsal mesoduodenum

A. Dorsal Mesentery
B. Ventral Mesentery

Answer 17

A

Question 18

Ventral mesentery extends from caudal foregut —> ?

Answer 18

Upper esophagus

Question 19

Ventral mesentery is due to thinning of what structure

Answer 19

Septum Transversum

Question 20

A block of mesoderm that forms CT in the liver and central tendon of the diaphragm

Answer 20

Septum transversum

Question 21

Lesser Omentum, Falciform Ligament

A. Dorsal Mesentery
B. Ventral Mesentery

Answer 21

B

Question 22

Cause of ventral body wall defects

Answer 22

Failure of closure of lateral body wall

Question 23

Ectopia Cordis is

Answer 23

(+) heart outside

Failure to close in anterior thoracic region

Question 24

Cantrell Pentalogy can result to

Answer 24

Cleft lip/palate
Club foot
Ectopia cordis

Question 25

In the abdominal region where the intestinal loops herniate directly — lies right to umbilicus

Answer 25

``` A. Gastroschisis B. Bladder Exstrophy C. Cloacal Exstrophy D. Ectopia cordis E. Omphalocele ```

Question 26

Failed closure int the pelvic region May cause epispadias (split in the dorsum of the penis) ``` A. Gastroschisis B. Bladder Exstrophy C. Cloacal Exstrophy D. Ectopia cordis E. Omphalocele ```

Answer 26

B

Question 27

Larger closure defect; bladder, part of rectum, anal canal exposed ``` A. Gastroschisis B. Bladder Exstrophy C. Cloacal Exstrophy D. Ectopia cordis E. Omphalocele ```

Answer 27

C

Question 28

Physiological Umbilical Herniation happens during 12-14 weeks 10-12 weeks 6-10 weeks 11-13 weeks

Answer 28

6-10

Question 29

After 10 weeks, persistent protrusion if the umbilicus —>

Answer 29

Omphalocele

Question 30

Pathology is not failure to close but portion of gut tube fails to return to the abdominal cavity

Answer 30

Omphalocele

Question 31

Can be detected both by fetal utz and increased AFP in maternal serum/amniotic fluid ``` Bladder exstrophy Cloacal exatrophy Gastoschisis Ectopia cordis Omphalocele ```

Answer 31

Omphalocele | Gastroschisis

Question 32

Failure of body wall closure A. Gastroschisis B. Omphalocele

Answer 32

A

Question 33

Failure of portion of the gut to return to abd. wall cavity A. Gastroschisis B. Omphalocele

Answer 33

B

Question 34

Good prognosis A. Gastroschisis B. Omphalocele

Answer 34

A

Question 35

Covered by amnion A. Gastroschisis B. Omphalocele

Answer 35

B

Question 36

Not covered by amnion A. Gastroschisis B. Omphalocele

Answer 36

A

Question 37

This divides body cavity into thoracic and peritoneal

Answer 37

respiratory diaphragm

Question 38

Septum transversum is mesoderm that forms Clue: CTs

Answer 38

CT of liver | Central Tendon of diaphragm

Question 39

Septum transversum occupies space between

Answer 39

Thoracic cavity and stalk of yolk sac

Question 40

The septum transversum does not completely separate the thoracic and abdominal cavity. Instead, it leaves _________ which forms into _______

Answer 40

Pericardioperitoneal canals found on each side of the foregut —> pleural cavities

Question 41

Transforms into pleural cavities

Answer 41

Pericardioperitoneal canals

Question 42

Further expansion of the lungs lead to

Answer 42

Splitting of mesoderm into 1. Definitive thorax wall 2. Pleuropericardial Membrances

Question 43

Extensions of pericardioperitoneal folds

Answer 43

Pleuropericardial membranes

Question 44

Found with pleuropericardial membrances

Answer 44

CCV Phrenic nerve

Question 45

Reason why the common cardinal vein is in the midline

Answer 45

Heart’s descent Positional changes of sinus venosus

Question 46

Thoracic cavity is divided into the pericardial and 2 pleural cavities due to the fusion of

Answer 46

Pleuropericardial FOLDS | Root of the lungs

Question 47

Allows abdominal viscera/organs like spleen, liver, intestinal loops into the thoracic cavity

Answer 47

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Question 48

Complication of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 48

Abdominal viscera —> enters chest —> push heart forward —> compress lungs —> pulmonary hyperplasia

Question 49

Diaphragmatic hernia is commonly observed in which part of the body?

Answer 49

Left side

Question 50

Form of diaphragmatic hernia that is an anterior, retrosternal or parasternal hernia A. Formaen Bochdalek B. Foramen Morgagni C. Posterior Diaphragmatic Hernia

Answer 50

B

Question 51

A. Formaen Bochdalek B. Foramen Morgagni C. Posterior Diaphragmatic Hernia Hernia in esophageal opening formed by right crus of diaphragm

Answer 51

C

Question 52

Respiratory Diaphragm arises from 4 components:

Answer 52

Septum transversum —> central tendon 2 pleuroperitoneal membranes Dorsal mesentery of esophagus —> crura muscular components (somites C3-C5)

Question 53

This makes up the muscular components of the diaphragm

Answer 53

Somites C3-C5

Question 54

Thoracic cavity is divided into pericardial and 2 pleural cavities by

Answer 54

Pleuropericardial membranes

Question 55

Union of splanchnic (visceral) and parietal mesoderm

Answer 55

Dorsal mesentery Which suspended into post abd wall

Question 56

Derived from thinning of septum transversum

Answer 56

Ventral mesentery

Question 57

Innervation of abd muscles

Answer 57

Anterior rami of spinal nerves

Question 58

What folding extends the cavity from thoracic to pelvic region

Answer 58

Cephalocaudal + Lateral folding