Body Cavities

Question 1

? passes through the caval foramen of the diaphragm

Answer 1

caudal vena cava

Question 2

aorta passes thorugh the ? of the diaphragm?

Answer 2

aortic haitus

Question 3

what passes through the esophageal hiatus?

Answer 3

esophagus and vagal trunks

Question 4

Between which rib spaces can you locate the heart? (all species)

Answer 4

3rd and 6th rib spaces

Question 5

what is the peritoneum?

Answer 5

the serous membrane of the abdomen

Question 6

why do we have serous layers?

Answer 6

helps the lungs stick to the side of the thoracic wall to expand in volume

Question 7

what are the types of parietal pleura?

Answer 7

diaphragmatic pleura
costal pleura

Question 8

what space do you use to access thoracic fluid?

Answer 8

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 9

space between the parietal serous pericardium and the visceral serous pericardium is the ?

Answer 9

pericardial cavity

Question 10

what type of pleura lines the heart?

Answer 10

visceral serous pericardium (epicardium)

Question 11

what animal has a thicker mediastinum?

Answer 11

cow

Question 12

Lobes of the Bo Lung

Answer 12

Right: cranial part of cranial lobe, caudal part of cranial lobe, middle lobe, caudal lobe, accessory lobe.
Left: cranial part of cranial lobe, caudal part of cranial lobe, caudal lobe

Question 13

Lobes of the Eq lung

Answer 13

R cranial, R caudal, accessory
L cranial, L caudal

Question 14

presence of tracheal bronchus is unique to ?

Answer 14

Bo

Question 15

cupula pleura

Answer 15

pleura extends 3-5 cm beyond the first rib on the R side of the thorax

Question 16

Blood flow through the heart

Answer 16

Cr/Cd vena cava -> R atrium -> RV -> pulmonary arteries -> Lungs -> pulmonary veins -> LA -> LV -> Aorta

Question 17

Eq landmarks for dome of diaphragm? (ventral - mid - dorsal)

Answer 17

6th rib
8/9th rib
15th ICS

Question 18

Bo landmarks for dome of diaphragm? (ventral - mid - dorsal)

Answer 18

6th rib
6th rib
12th rib

Question 19

What does “4 on the floor” mean?

Answer 19

4 bands on the cecum and ventral colon (that sit on the most ventral part of the abd)

Question 20

how many bands on left dorsal colon?

Answer 20

1

Question 21

How many bands on right dorsal colon?

Answer 21

3

Question 22

what abdominal structures will you see on the L side of the Eq?

Answer 22

“A sliver of Liver” (mainly on R side), Stomach, Spleen, Descending colon, jejunum, LDC, RVC

Question 23

what abdominal structures will you see on the R side of the Eq?

Answer 23

Liver, Kidney, descending duodenum, base/body of cecum, RDC, RVC

Question 24

Which arteries supple the Eq (and canine) ascending colon?

Answer 24

R colic br of cranial mesenteric, Colic br of Ileocolic

Question 25

path of travel through the rumen

Answer 25

reticulum -> rumen -> omasum -> abomasum

Question 26

spiral colon parts

Answer 26

centripital (sprialing in) centrifugal (spiraling out)

Question 27

what lies in the supraomental recess of the Bo?

Answer 27

intestines, cecum, spiral colon

Question 28

what lies between the superficial and deep leaf of the greater omentum in Bo?

Answer 28

the ventral sac of the rumen

Question 29

blood supply to the rumen

Answer 29

celiac artery off of cranial mesenteric (splenic and L. gastric)

Question 30

Major blood supply to duodenum and pancreas

Answer 30

celiac artery (gastroduodenal and cranial pancreaticoduodenal arteries)

Question 31

innervation to the abdominal viscera is supplied via _?_

Answer 31

major and minor splanchnic nerve plexuses associated with the mesenteric ganglia

Question 32

What empties at the major duodenal papilla? Bo

Answer 32

bile ducts pancreatic duct

Question 33

what empties at the minor duodenal papilla? Bo

Answer 33

the accessory pancreatic duct

Question 34

arterial blood supply to the jejunum

Answer 34

cranial mesenteric artery -> jejunal arteries

Question 35

arterial blood supply to the ileum

Answer 35

cranial mesenteric artery -> mesenteric ileal and ileal arteries

Question 36

arterial blood supply to the cecum

Answer 36

cecal artery (a branch of ileocolic artery which is a branch off of cranial mesenteric)

Question 37

Boney landmarks for the Eq line of pleura reflection?

Answer 37

lower 9th -> middle 18th -> upper 17th

Question 38

Boney landmarks for the Eq caudal border of the lung?

Answer 38

lower 6th rib -> middle 12th rib -> high 16th rib

Question 39

Boney landmarks for the Bo line of pleural reflection?

Answer 39

lower 9th rib -> middle 11th rib -> 13th ICS

Question 40

Boney landmarks for the Bo caudal border of the lung?

Answer 40

lower 6th rib -> high on the 12th rib

Question 41

Eq puncta maxima

Answer 41

Pulmonic valve: Low L 3rd ICS Aortic valve: High L 4th ICS L AV valve: Low 5th ICS R AV valve: Low 3rd or 4th ICS

Question 42

Bo puncta maxima

Answer 42

Pulmonic valve: Low L 3rd ICS Aortic valve: High L 4th ICS L AV valve: Low 4th ICS R AV valve: Low 3rd or 4th ICS

Question 43

Which species lacks a gallbladder?

Answer 43

Equine

Question 44

mouth to rectum - travel of a bolus of food (Bo)

Answer 44

Mouth -> esophagus -> reticulum -> omasum -> abomasum -> descending duodenum -> Cd flexure -> ascending duodenum ->jejunum -> ileum -> ileocecal orifice -> cecum (base -> body -> apex) -> ascending centripetal colon -> central flexure -> ascending centrifugal colon -> transverse colon -> descending colon -> rectum

Question 45

mouth to rectum - travel of a bolus of food (Eq)

Answer 45

Mouth -> esophagus -> stomach (cardiac -> fundus -> body -> antrum) -> pylorus -> pyloric sphincter -> descending duodenum -> Cd flexure -> ascending duodenum -> jejunum -> ileum -> ileocecal orifice -> cecum (base -> body -> apex) -> cecal-colic orifice -> RVC -> sternal flexure -> LVC -> pelvic flexure -> LDC -> diaphragmatic flexure -> RDC -> transverse colon -> descending small colon -> rectum

Question 46

A left paralumbar incision in the equine exposes which abdominal organs?

Answer 46

descending colon & left ovary

Question 47

blood supply to the descending colon

Answer 47

left colic off of caudal mesenteric a

Question 48

blood supply to cranial rectum

Answer 48

cranial rectal off of caudal mesenteric

Question 49

blood supply to the caudal rectus abdominus

Answer 49

external iliac --> deep femoral --> pudendoepigastric trunk --> **caudal epigastric a **