Body Basics Flashcards
Biomedicine
The study of biology and medicine to understand diseases and develop treatments.
Eukaryotic Cells
have membrane bound organelles and contain DNA in a nucleus
complex cell
(animal and plant cells)
Prokaryotic cells
without nuclues and lacks membrane bound organelles
simple cells
bacteria
animal cells
A cell with organelles like a nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes, surrounded by a cell membrane, responsible for functions like energy production, protein synthesis, and growth.
lack a cell wall and cholorplasts
plant cells
A cell with a nucleus, chloroplasts (for photosynthesis), a cell wall (for structure), a large vacuole (for storage), and a cell membrane.
nucleus
controls activites and holds DNA
mitochondria
produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration
ribosomes
synthesises proteins from amino acids
Endoplasmic Reticulum
(ER)
helps in protein and lipid synthesis. It comes in two types
rough ER
has ribosomes that make and transport proteins
smooth ER
lack ribosomes, makes lipids and detoxifies
golgi apparatus
modifies, sorts and packages proteins for transport
chloroplasts
conducts photosunthesis
plant cells
cell membrane
controls what enters and exits the cell
vacuole
stores nutrients, water and waste
cell well
provides structure and support
(found only in plant cells)
biomolecules
lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, protiens
carbohydrates
provide energy for the body (e.g., glucose) and structural support in plants (e.g., cellulose).
-elements- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
-monomers monoscharides
proteins
build and repair tissues, support cell functions
-elements- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
-monomers- amino acids
lipids
fats, oils, and waxes that store energy, insulate the body, and make up cell membranes.
-elements- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus
-monomers- fatty acids
nucleic acid
DNA and RNA, biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information for cell growth, function, and reproduction.
-elements- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus
-monomers- nucleotides
water
H2O
just add water
How does that body use and lose water?
breathing, sweating, urination, digestion
Excretory Systems organs
kidneys, liver, skin, lungs, large intestine
kidneys
filter blood and remove wastes, excess water and toxins producing urine
liver
processes toxins and waste products from the blood, breaking them down for removal
skin
release waste through sweat, including, salts, and small amounts of urea
lungs
expel carbon dioxide (a waste product or respiration) and water vapor during exhalation
large intestine
removes solid waste from digestion and excess salts
