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Neuro B5 > Boards Review Test B5 > Flashcards

Boards Review Test B5 Flashcards

1
Q

The neural retina is derived from?

A

Neural tube, which gives rise to entire CNS

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2
Q

At birth, the conus medullaris is found at which vertebral level??

A

VL3. Conus medullaris extends to VL3, in adult it extends to VL1-VL2

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3
Q

Caudal herniation of the cerebellar tonsils and medulla through the foramen magnum is called? (Hint: syndrome)

A

Arnold-Chiari syndrome

Cerebellomedullary malformtion which the interior vermis and medulla herniated through the foramen magnum, resulting in hydrocephalus

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4
Q

A newborn has multiple congenital defects due to dysgenesis of the neural crest. Which of the following cells is likely to be spared?

(A) Dorsal root ganglion cells
(B) Geniculate ganglion cells
(C) Melanocytes
(D) Motor neurons
(E) Parafollicular cells

A

D) Motorneurons.

Develop from neural tube, from basal plate. Other options are derivatives of neural CREST

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5
Q

What’s derived from the telencephalon?

What gives rise to the choroid plexus?

What’s derived from the alar plate?

A

Corticospinal tract (pyramid) has origin in neocortex of telencephalon

Tela choroidea!

Inferior Olivary nucleus!!

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6
Q

What gives rise to the solitary nucleus?

What gives rise to motor neurons that innervate the tongue?

A

The alar plate!

The basal plate! Gives rise to hypoglossal nucleus

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7
Q

What innervates the lateral rectus muscle?

What gives rise to a parasympathetic nucleus?

What gives rise to the cerebellum?

A

The GSE column (CN6: abducens)

GVE column

Alar plate! (Rhombic lip….becomes cerebellum)

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8
Q

What’s derived from the alar plate?

What gives rise to motor neurons that migrate into the lateral pontine tegmentum?

A

The pontine nuclei!

The SVE column gives rise to motor neurons (later becomes CN VII)

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9
Q

50-year-old hypertensive woman com- plains of numbness and weakness in her left leg and foot. Occlusion of which of the follow- ing vessels may account for this complaint?
(A) Anterior choroidal artery
(B) Anterior cerebral artery
(C) Interior carotid artery
(D) Middle cerebral artery
(E) Posterior artery

A

B) anterior cerebral artery. Represents motor and sensory strips of leg and foot area

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10
Q

A 15-year-old boy is hit on the temple with a baseball and becomes unconscious. After about 10 minutes, he regains consciousness, but he soon becomes lethargic, and over the next 2 hours, he becomes stuporous. His pupils are unequal. Intracranial hemorrhage is sus- pected. Which of the following vessels is most likely to be the source of the hemorrhage?
(A) Anterior cerebral artery
(B) Anterior communicating artery
(C) Basilar artery
(D) Middle cerebral artery
(E) Middle meningeal artery

A

E) middle meningeal artery

Gives rise to epidural hematoma. Skull trauma, fracture, progression worsens, possibly death by 3rd nerve palsy

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11
Q

Which artery supplies the caudate and puta- men and anterior limb of the internal capsule via the medial striate artery of Heubner?
(A) Middle cerebral
(B) Anterior communicating (C) Anterior cerebral
(D) Anterior choroidal
(E) Posterior communicating

A

C) anterior cerebral

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12
Q

Which artery supplies the cochlea?
(A) Pontine
(B) Labyrinthine
(C) Superior cerebellar
(D) Posterior cerebral
(E) Anterior inferior cerebellar

A

B) labyrinthine

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13
Q

Which sinus drains the superior surface of the cerebellum?
(A) Straight
(B) Inferior sagittal
(C) Inferior petrosal
(D) Sigmoid
(E) Sphenoparietal

A

A) straight sinus

Drains the superior surface of cerebellum. Formed by great cerebral vein and inferiorior Sagittal sinus

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14
Q
  1. A 40-year-old female graduate student had an excruciating headache. When she looked in the mirror, she noticed that her eyelid was drooping; when she lifted the eyelid, she saw that her eyeball was looking down and out and her pupil was huge. She complained of both blurred and double vision. An MRA scan showed an aneurysm of the circle of Willis. Which artery gives rise to the offending aneurysm?
    (A) Heubner’s
    (B) anterior communicating
    (C) posterior communicating
    (D) Charcot-Bouchard’s
    (E) anterior choroidal
A

C) posterior communicating

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15
Q

Usually gives rise to the artery that supplies the inner ear

(A) Posterior cerebral artery
(B) Superior cerebellar artery
(C) Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
(D) Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
(E) Anterior spinal artery

A

C) anterior inferior cerebellar artery

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16
Q
  1. Supplies the facial nucleus and the spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract

(A) Posterior cerebral artery
(B) Superior cerebellar artery
(C) Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
(D) Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
(E) Anterior spinal artery

A

C) anterior inferior cerebellar artery

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17
Q
  1. Is the terminal branch of the basilar artery

(A) Posterior cerebral artery
(B) Superior cerebellar artery
(C) Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
(D) Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
(E) Anterior spinal artery

A

A)posterior cerebral artery

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18
Q
  1. Supplies the deep cerebellar nuclei

(A) Posterior cerebral artery
(B) Superior cerebellar artery
(C) Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
(D) Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
(E) Anterior spinal artery

A

B) superior cerebellar artery

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19
Q
  1. Supplies the nucleus ambiguus

(A) Posterior cerebral artery
(B) Superior cerebellar artery
(C) Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
(D) Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
(E) Anterior spinal artery

A

D) posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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20
Q

An aneurysm of what artery may cause a third nerve palsy?

An aneurism of what artery may result in Horner syndrome?

Occlusion of what artery results in infarction of the paracentral lobule with Babinski sign?

Laceration of what results in subdural hemorrhage?

What drains the deep cerebral veins?

A

Posterior communicating artery

Internal carotid artery

Left cerebral artery

Laceration of superior cerebral veins (bridging veins)

Great cerebral vein of Galen

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21
Q

Which one of the following structures is
found in the diencephalon?
(A) thalamus
(B) cerebral hemispheres
(C) globus pallidus
(D) caudate nucleus
(E) internal capsule

A

A) Thalamus

22
Q

The hippocampal formation is part of the
(A) frontal lobe
(B) parietal lobe
(C) insular lobe
(D) limbic lobe
(E) occipital lobe

A

D)limbic

23
Q

Which one of the cranial nerves exits the brainstem from the dorsal aspect?
(A) CNI
(B) CN II
(C) CN III
(D) CN IV
(E) CN VI

A

D) CN IV Trochlear

24
Q

50-year-old woman complains of clumsiness in her hands while working in the kitchen: she recently burned her hands on the stove without experiencing any pain. Neurologic examination reveals bilateral weakness of the shoulder girdles, arms, and hands, as well as a loss of pain and tem- perature sensation covering the shoulder and upper extremity in a cape-like distribution. Severe atrophy is present in the intrinsic muscles of the hands. The most likely diagnosis is
(A) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
(B) subacute combined degeneration
(C) Werdnig-Hoffmann disease
(D) syringomyelia
(E) tabes dorsalis

A

D) syringomyelia

25
Q

50-year-old man has a 2-year history of progressive muscle weakness in all extremities, with severe muscle atrophy and reduced MSRs in both legs. In his arms, the muscle atrophy is less pronounced and the MSRs are exaggerated. Which of the following types of neuronal degeneration would postmortem examination most likely show?
(A) Loss of Purkinje cells
(B) Loss of neurons from the globus pallidus
(C) Loss of neurons from the paracentral lobule and from the anterior horns of the spinal cord
(D) Demyelination of axons in the posterior
and lateral columns
(E) Demyelination of axons in the posterior
limb of the internal capsule

A

C

26
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of Lou Gehrig disease?
(A) Loss of tactile discrimination (B) Loss of vibratory sensation (C) Dorsal root irritation
(D) Progressive bulbar palsy
(E) Stereoanesthesia

A

D) progressive bulbar palsy

27
Q

. A patient has the ability to stand with open eyes but falls with closed eyes. A lesion of which pathway is likely responsible for this symptom?
(A) Ventral spinothalamic tract
(B) Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
(C) Lateral spinothalamic tract
(D) Ventral spinocerebellar tract
(E) Dorsal column syndrome

A

E) dorsal column syndrome

28
Q

The sensation produced by a wisp of cotton on one’s fingertip is mediated by the
(A) cuneocerebellar tract
(B) dorsal column–medial lemniscus pathway
(C) ventral spinocerebellar tract
(D) ventral corticospinal tract
(E) ventral spinothalamic tract

A

E) ventral spinothalmic tract

29
Q
  1. Acute-stage upper motor neuron lesions result in
    (A) hypertonia
    (B) spastic paresis
    (C) flaccid paralysis
    (D) extensor toe response
    (E) clonus
A

C) flaccid paralysis

30
Q
  1. Which spinal nerve rami contain unmyeli- nated postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers?
    (A) White communicating
    (B) Dorsal primary
    (C) Gray communicating
    (D) Ventral primary
    (E) Meningeal
A

C) gray communicating

31
Q

Which contains preganglionic parasympathetic neurons?

A) Cervical cord
(B) Upper thoracic cord
(C) Lumbar cord
(D) Lower thoracic cord
(E) Coccygeal cord
(F) Sacral cord

A

F) sacral cord (S2-S4)

32
Q

Which contains the brachial plexus?

A) Cervical cord
(B) Upper thoracic cord
(C) Lumbar cord
(D) Lower thoracic cord
(E) Coccygeal cord
(F) Sacral cord

A

A) cervical cord (C5-C8)

33
Q

Which ones contains spinal accessory nucleus (CNXI)?

A) Cervical cord
(B) Upper thoracic cord
(C) Lumbar cord
(D) Lower thoracic cord
(E) Coccygeal cord
(F) Sacral cord

A

A) C1-C6

34
Q

Which contains the phrenic nucleus?

A) Cervical cord
(B) Upper thoracic cord
(C) Lumbar cord
(D) Lower thoracic cord
(E) Coccygeal cord
(F) Sacral cord

A

A) Cervical cord. C3-C6

35
Q

Which answer is a variety of ependymal cell found in wall of third ventricle?

A) Astrocytes
(B) Oligodendrocytes
(C) Microglial cells
(D) Schwann cells
(E) Tanycytes

A

E) Tanycytes

36
Q

Which one arises from monocytes?

A) Astrocytes
(B) Oligodendrocytes
(C) Microglial cells
(D) Schwann cells
(E) Tanycytes

A

C) microglial

37
Q

Which are neural crest derivatives?

A) Astrocytes
(B) Oligodendrocytes
(C) Microglial cells
(D) Schwann cells
(E) Tanycytes

A

D) Schwann

38
Q

What contains glial filaments and glycogen granules?

A) Astrocytes
(B) Oligodendrocytes
(C) Microglial cells
(D) Schwann cells
(E) Tanycytes

A

A) astrocytes

39
Q

The best description of the neurons present in the dorsal root ganglion would be

a) Round cells
b) Multipolar cells
c) Unipolar cells
d) Pseudounipolar cells
e) Pyramidal cells

A

B) multipolar cells

40
Q

The best description of the neurons present in an autonomic ganglion would be

a) Round cells
b) Multipolar cells
c) Unipolar cells
d) Pseudounipolar cells
e) Pyramidal cells

A

B) multipolar cells

41
Q

A patient shows a deficit in proprioception and in two-point discrimination on the left arm and the rest of the left side of the body below the arm. No other sensory deficits are found on either side. No motor deficits are found. This sensory deficit is consistent with damage to which of the following tracts?

a) Fasciculus Gracilis & Cuneatus, right side
b) Fasciculus Gracilis & Cuneatus, left side
c) Lateral Corticospinal Tract, left side
d) Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Tract, left side
e) Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Tract, right side

A

B) Fasciculus Gracilis & Cuneatus, left side

42
Q

A patient shows a deficit in pin-prick sensation testing on the left arm and the rest of the left side of the body below the arm. No other sensory deficits are found on either side. No motor deficits are found. This sensory deficit is consistent with damage to which of the following tracts?

a) Fasciculus Gracilis & Cuneatus, right side
b) Fasciculus Gracilis & Cuneatus, left side
c) Lateral Corticospinal Tract, left side
d) Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Tract, left side
e) Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Tract, right side

A

E) Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Tract, right side

43
Q

Your patient reports a gradual loss of all sensation along the right shoulder only, but has not noticed any changes in sensation in the rest of the right side of the body or anywhere on the left side if the body. Your exam confirms the patient’s symptoms (loss of pain, temperature, crude touch, discriminative touch, and proprioception) and finds no motor deficits of any kind. This sensory deficit is consistent with which of the following:

a) A neuropathy involving the axillary nerve, right side (C5-C6)
b) A lesion involving the posterior root (radiculopathology), right side (C5-C6)
c) A lesion in the posterior horn, right side (C5-C6
d) A lesion in the posterior funiculus, right side (C5-C6)
e) A lesion of the anterolateral (spinothalamic) tract, right side (C5-C6)

A

b) A lesion involving the posterior root (radiculopathology), right side (C5-C6)

44
Q

The cells surrounding neurons located in the dorsal root ganglia are best termed:

a) Ependymal cells
b) Pial cells
c) Oligodentrocytes
d) AStrocytes
e) Satellite cells

A

e) Satellite cells

45
Q

Which of the following cell types is best associated with the fomation of end-feet to surround the blood vessels of the central nervous system?

a) Astrocytes
b) Oligodendrocytes
c) Microglial cells
d) Satellite cells
e) Schwann cells

A

A) astrocytes

46
Q

Which of the following cells is most associated with myelination of axons in the central nervous system?

a) Astrocytes
b) Oligodendrocytes
c) Microglial cells
d) Satellite cells
e) Schwann cells

A

B)Oligodendrocytes

47
Q

Which of the following cell types is most associated with myelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system?

a) Astrocytes
b) Oligodendrocytes
c) Microglial cells
d) Satellite cells
e) Schwann cells

A

E) Schwann cells

48
Q

CSF leaves subarachnoid space by draining directly into the…

Cerebral veins
Jugular veins
Dural venous sinuses
Central aqueduct

A

Dural venous sinuses

49
Q

Which would have the most white matter??

Cervical
Thoracic 
Lumbar 
Sacral
Coccygeal
A

Cervical

50
Q

The conus medullaris contains the neurons controlling which of the following activities:

Respiration
Upper extremity
Bladder and bowel sphincters

A

Bladder and Bowel sphincters

51
Q

Dorsal root ganglion contains cell bodies of what neurons?

A

Sensory neurons

52
Q

In vertebral canal, CSF is located between what two layers?

Spinal dura and membranous arachnoid
Membranous arachnoid and pia
Pia and glial endfeet

A

Membranous arachnoid and pia (subarachnoid space)

Neuro B5 (10 decks)

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