7 Development Of Nervous System Flashcards
Gastrulation occurs during the _____ week of embryogenesis.
What are the 3 structures to develop first?
What gives rise to the CNS?
What gives rise to the PNS and other structures?
Third
Notochord, neural tube, neural crest.
Neural tube
Neural crest
The CNS develops from the primitive ________. The first step of neural system development is formation of the _______ plate. Invaginates and forms ______ groove. At the end of the 3rd week, the groove becomes the ______ tube.
What segments of the spinal cord are formed by secondary neurulation?
The caudal eminence joins the ______ tube.
Ectoderm.
Neural.
Neural
Neural
Sacral and coccygeal
Neural
Development of the CNS
During the ______ week the anterior neuropore closes. Three primary brain vesicles formed dividing the brain into:
___________ (forebrain)
___________(midbrain)
___________(hindbrain)
Two flextures, the ______ flexture is between hindbrain and spinal cord. The second is at the level of the midbrain called the ___________ flexure.
Fourth
Proencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
Cervical
Mesencephalic
During the _____ week the 3 primary brain vesicles divide into 5 secondary vesicles.
The optic cup and nerves bulge from the diencphalon to form the ___.
Fifth
Eye
In the brainstem, the neurons provide preganglionic ______________ innervation to the peripheral ganglia that serve visceral structures.
Regarding the cerebellum, what appears first: the posterolateral fissure or the primary fissure?
Parasympathetic
Posterolateral fissure is first to arise, primary is second.
Defect in migration of cells of neural crest can result in the constant contraction without relaxation in the bowels which causes abdominal pain and chronic constipation is called?
Defects of prosencephalization are commonly associated with 3 major environmental exposures: ________, Retinoic ____, and genetic ________.
Hirschprung
Alcohol. Acid. Anomalies (trisomy 13 and 18)
The forebrain can be divided into 2 secondary parts:
__________, which houses CN-I, and _________, which houses CN-II.
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
The midbrain’s secondary brain vesicle is ___________.
There are two cranial nerves found here: CN-___ and CN-_____.
Mesencephalon
CN-III oculomotor
CN-IV trochlear
The hindbrain’s secondary divisions include
_______, which houses the pons and cerebelum, and the _______, which houses the medulla oblongata. Cranial Nerves ________ can be found in the hindbrain.
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
CN's: V trigeminal VI abducens VII facial VIII vestibulocochlear IX glossopharyngeal X vagus XI hypoglossal
The spinal cord develops from ______ portions of the neural ______.
caudal
neural tube
During the formation of the spinal cord, a pair of anteriorly located cell masses, the basal plates, will develop to become the _______ and the posteriorly located cell masses, the alar plates, will develop to become the _______.
The basal and alar plates are separated by a longitudinal groove called the _______.
anterior horns (motor) posterior horns (sensory)
sulcus limitans
The portion of the spinal cord that originates from the interface of the alar and basal plates is called ______. It will go on to become the ______.
intermediate zone (lateral horn)
sympathetic nervous system
Anterior horn motor neurons innervate ______ and are called ________.
skeletal muscle
somatic efferent (SE)
Lateral horn motor neurons project to _______ and are classified as _________.
autonomic ganglia (visceromotor ganglia)
visceral efferent (VE)
The visceral efferent (VE) column stretch, called the intermediolateral cell column, extends from ___ to ____ and it’s sacral visceromotor nucleus stretch extends from ____ to _____.
T1-L2
S2-S4
How does the neural tube form from the flat ectodermal layer? What causes this process to begin? What pathology results from failure of the rostral end of the neural tube (anterior neuropore) to close? From failure of the posterior end (posterior neuropore) to close? What is the difference between meningoencepahlocele and meningohydroencepahlocele? What is the difference between meningomyelocele and meningohydromyelocele? What is the difference between cranioschisis and myeloschisis? What are some causes and a preventative factor for spina bifida?
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Draw a simple sketch of the hollow neural tube segments or “brain vesicles”, label one side ventral or the other side dorsal, and label the parts of the neural tube that eventually become the following regions: telencephalon, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, cerebellum, medulla, and spinal cord
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What are the different embryological origins of the CNS versus PNS? What specific parts of the nervous system are derived from the neural crest? What is Hirschsprung disease and the developmental defect that causes it?
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(LO) In the developing spinal cord, what is the alar plate, basal plate, and sulcus limitans? What adult structures or functions do the alar and basal plates form? What develops in the intermediate zone (along the border between the alar and basal plates?
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(LO)
In the developing brainstem, describe how the arrangement of sensory, visceral, and motor structures differs from the developing spinal cord..
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(LO) Describe how the pons and cerebellum develop from the neural tube. What is Dandy-Walker Syndrome? What are the clinical signs and abnormal findings on brain imaging?
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(LO) What is the difference in the malformations seen in Chiari type I and type II?
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(LO) Explain the normal sequence of events in formation of the cerebrum starting with the single brain vesicle it forms from onward to the formation of 2 cerebral hemispheres? What are the major detects in this process? What are some known causes?
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(LO) In the development of the ventricular system, what event leads to the replacement of amniotic fluid in the ventricles with choroid plexus? What are the consequences of defective development of the cerebral aqueduct?
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