BOARDS Flashcards
What blood disorders have normal PT but increased PTT?
Hem A,B,C, and vWF.
Hemophilia A acts on factor 8.
Hemophilia B acts on factor 9.
vWF acts on factor 8.
PT measures the clotting ability of Factors 1,2,5,7,10
PTT measures the clotting ability of Factors 8,9,11,12
PT measures the clotting ability of which factors?
Factors 1,2,5,7,10
PTT measures the clotting ability of which factors?
Factors 8,9,11,12
What meds cause gingival hyperplasia?
cyclosporine–immunosuppressant
phenytoin–anti-epileptic
methotrexate(?)–immunosuppressant
Regional Odontodysplasia:
- etiology
- MC location
- dental findings
- no real established etiology; anomaly of apposition (dentin structure)
- 80% are maxillary centrals
- GHOST TEETH; gingival hyperplasia; large pulp with thin enamel and thin dentin
Which syndrome has floating teeth?
Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis
- -floating teeth due to lucent lesions with ill-defined borders from disorder of myeloid cells, thereby affecting skull and mandible
- -causes premature exfoliation of teeth
Which syndrome has ghost teeth?
regional odontodysplasia
What disorder has increased urine PEA levels along with decreased alkaline phosphatase and large pulp chambers?
hypophosphotasia
What antibiotic is Clostridium difficile associated with?
clindamycin
What three syndromes have craniosynostosis?
- Apert–acrocephalosyndactyly type 1
- Pfieffer–acrocephalosyndactyly type 5
- Crouzon–craniofacial dysostosis type 1
What are the differences between Apert, Pfieffer, and Crouzon?
they are all craniosynostosis syndromes, however:
- Apert–syndactyly of fingers/toes, CLEFT PALATE (30%), hypertolerism, maxillary hypoplasia, Cl III malocclusion, intellectual DISABILITY, flat forehead, and PARROT nose
- Pfieffer–syndactyly of fingers/toes, NORMAL intelligence, midface hypoplasia, proptosis, Cl III malocclusion
- Crouzon–CLEFT PALATE (possible), hypertolerism, midface hypoplasia, NORMAL intelligence, Class III malocclusion
Clinical characteristics of mandibulofacial dysostosis.
Treacher-Collins Syndrome
- malar hypoplasia
- downward palprebal fissures
- cleft lip/palate (30%)
- mandibular hypoplasia with retrusive chin/jaw
- Cl II malocclusion
- fish-like mouth
- no eyelashes
- colobomas
- choanal atresia
- ear abnormalities
Atopic triad
atopic dermatitis
allergic rhinitis (allergies)
asthma
What is pamidronate?
a bisphosphonate which increases bone density by decreasing the release of Ca from bones and thereby decreasing the blood Ca concentration.
The increased bone density helps decrease fractures and decrease pain in pts with OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA.
What are “moderate” risk factors in CRA (age 0-5)?
three:
- recent immigrant
- high plaque
- SHCN
What are “high” risk factors in CRA (age 0-5)?
seven:
- mother/primary caregiver has active caries
- parent/caregiver has low socioeconomic status
- > 3 snacks/day
- goes to bed with bottle with natural or added sugar
- > 1 DMFT
- WSL or enamel defects
- high S. mutans levels
Reversals for opioids, benzos, local anesthesia?
naloxone for opioids (0.1mg/kg; max 2mg)
flumazenil for benzos (0.01mg/kg; max 1mg)
oraverse for local anesthesia
Why is codeine not recommended for women who are breastfeeding?
infants may have CYP2D6*2 allele, which can cause rapid metabolism
what drugs does cytochrome P450 metabolize?
Warfarin
Phenytoin
Metronidazole
Erythromycin
What type of food inhibits the cytochrome P450?
grapefruit; thereby does not allow for metabolism of drugs by cytochrome P450.
What is MAC? What is the MAC for nitrous?
MAC is minimum alveolar concentration–the lower the MAC, the more potent and volatile the anesthetic is
Nitrous oxide has MAC of 104, which can be lowered with use of NARCOTICS (ex. meperidine)
Why is periodontal disease common in Down Syndrome pts?
problem with their neutrophil chemotaxis
Extrinsic stainings
Black: Actinomyces, iron sulfide, silver nitrate, stannous fluoride
Brown: CHX
Green: Bacillus pyocaneus, Aspergillus
Orange: Serratia marcascens, Flavobacterium lutences
What additive in MTA makes it radiopaque?
bismuth oxide
What is the pH of MTA?
alkaline (pH 11- pH 13)
What is the most common pediatric trauma to the mandible?
condylar fracture
What syndrome is associated with celiac disease?
Down Syndrome
How long do you put fluoride on avulsed teeth to prevent ankylosis? What type of fluoride?
debride with 2% NaF for 20mins
