BN Ch.30 Basic Nutrition

Question 1

A marked deficiency of vitamin D causes a childhood condition known as __________ in which the bones do not harden as they
should but instead bend into deformed positions, such as bowlegs.

Answer 1

rickets

Question 2

Cholesterol is a member of a large group of compounds called __________.

Answer 2

sterols

Question 3

___________ nutrients are those that a person must obtain through food because the body cannot make them in sufficient quantities to
meet its needs.

Answer 3

Essential

Question 4

A nurse should emphasize foods with nutrient _______, that is, foods that provide significant amounts of key nutrients per volume consumed.

Answer 4

density

Question 5

A recently recognized type of fatty acid called ___________ fat is created when a polyunsaturated fatty acid, such as vegetable
oil, is hydrogenated to make it solid at room temperature.

Answer 5

trans

Question 6

__________ fats have fewer essential fatty acids than the original oil because the unsaturated fat content is lowered.

Answer 6

Hydrogenated

Question 7

Helps to build and repair tissue

Answer 7

Proteins

Question 8

Help maintain muscle tone, regulate body process, and maintain acid-base balance

Answer 8

Minerals

Question 9

Helps to provide energy

Answer 9

Fats

Question 10

Help to synthesize body compounds such as bone and blood

Answer 10

Vitamins

Question 11

An integral part of the MyPlate concept is the individual’s ability to use their nutrients.

Write the correct sequence of increasing activity lifestyles in the boxes provided below.

1. Sedentary: A lifestyle characterized by little or no physical activity during leisure time.
2. Vigorous physical activity: A lifestyle that includes exercise that promotes a noticeable increase in heart and respiratory rates.
3. Light intensity: A lifestyle that includes some physical exercise that does not typically raise the heart or respiratory rate.
4. Moderate physical activity: A lifestyle that includes exercise that promotes some exertion but in which the individual has a minimal increase in heart and respiratory rates.

Answer 11

1. Sedentary: A lifestyle characterized by little or no physical activity during leisure time.
2. Light intensity: A lifestyle that includes some physical exercise that does not typically raise the heart or respiratory rate.
3. Moderate physical activity: A lifestyle that includes exercise that promotes some exertion but in which the individual has a minimal increase in heart and respiratory rates.
4. Vigorous physical activity: A lifestyle that includes exercise that promotes a noticeable increase in heart and respiratory rates.

Question 12

What are the recommendations made by the MyPlate Food Guidance System?

Answer 12

The nurse should offer the following instructions to the client according to the MyPlate framework:

• Eat more of some foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk products that contain essential nutrients.
• Eat less of other foods, such as foods high in saturated or trans fats, added sugars, cholesterol, salt, and alcohol.
• Provide variety in the diet–eat foods from all food groups and subgroups.
• Balance calorie intake with energy needs to prevent weight gain and/or promote a healthy weight.
• Eat in moderation.
• Be physically active every day

Question 13

What are phytochemicals, and what is their function in nutrition?

Answer 13

Phytochemicals are natural chemicals found in plant food.

The function of phytochemicals is to protect against disease

Question 14

What are the six classes of nutrients?

Answer 14

The six classes of nutrients are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water, minerals, and vitamins.

Question 15

How and where does the body store glycogen?

Answer 15

After the body meets its energy needs, the liver and muscle cells convert excess glucose to glycogen. This glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles

Question 16

What is REE?

Answer 16

REE stands for “resting energy expenditure.” REE accounts for most of the energy used in a typical day. Growth, pregnancy, lactation, and fever increase REE.

Question 17

What are “empty calorie” foods, and why are they harmful?

Answer 17

• The term “empty calorie” is an imprecise term applied to foods that supply calories with few or no nutrients, such as candy, soft drinks, alcohol, and sugar.
  
  • These foods are harmful because they lead to nutrient deficiencies.

Question 18

What are fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 18

• Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed into the lymphatic circulation with fat.
• They must attach to a protein carrier to be transported through the blood.
• They are harmful when consumed in excess and can be toxic

Question 19

What is the role of cobalamin in the body?

Answer 19

• Cobalamin is a family of compounds, all of which contain cobalt.
• It is important in folate metabolism and in blood cell formation.
• It is also involved in maintaining the myelin sheath covering certain nerves.

Question 20

A nurse’s role in managing clients with nutritional deficiencies involves assisting the clients in learning about the importance of nutritious food.

1. The nurse is assigned to care for a client with an enlarged thyroid gland.

Which condition is the client experiencing, and what has been the cause of this condition?

Answer 20

• The nurse should know that the client is experiencing goiter, which is characterized by an enlargement of the thyroid gland.
• The condition has occurred due to the client’s low consumption of iodine.

Question 21

A client with dehydration is admitted to a healthcare facility. During the assessment of the client, the nurse observes that the client does not drink an adequate amount of water.

a. What is the importance of water in the body?

Answer 21

• Water composes a large percentage of cellular makeup and is one of blood’s essential components.
• Water is the solvent in which vital chemical changes occur in the body, and it is also necessary for controlling body temperature.
• No organ of the body can function without water.

Question 22

What is the average daily requirement of water for an adult?

Answer 22

The average requirement of water for an adult is 6 to 8 glasses per day.

Question 23

The nurse is caring for a pregnant client.

Which instructions should the nurse offer client to prevent rickets in the baby?

Answer 23

• The nurse should instruct the pregnant client to consume fortified milk and fish liver oils, because these foods are the best sources of vitamin D.
• The nurse should instruct the client to avoid taking vitamin D supplements without a recommendation from her primary healthcare provider, because excess vitamin D is toxic.
• The client should also be instructed to take walks every day so that she receives an adequate supply of sunlight on her skin.