BMA 5 Flashcards
What were the main roles of the United Nations?
to promote peace and protection for all member nations
What were the main causes of the Cold War?
There was an idealogical and political rivalry between the USSR & America.
Compare and contrast the Cold War and Conventional War.
The Cold War was a war that was mostly political struggles and war was never officially declared. Conventional War is fighting up front.
Embargo
an official ban on trade or other commercial activity with a particular country
Diplomatic Detente
the hotline between Kennedy and the Russian dude; two politicians get together and talk
Geopolitical tensions (like present-day Ukraine problems)
like America and the Soviet Union during the Cold War; if they went to war the whole world would be affected
Combat Strategies
containing communism
MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction)
policy in which the U.S. and Soviet Union hoped to deter nuclear war by building up enough weapons to destroy each other
How did Stalin view the policies (Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine) of the United States in post-war Europe?
Stalin didn’t like them because they were a direct economic attack against his country
How was the fall of China to communism viewed by most Americans?
They feared America would fall to communism.
Truman Doctrine
President Truman’s policy to aid nations struggling against communism
Berlin Airlift
operation in which the U.S. and Britain broke the Soviet blockade of West Berlin
Containment
American policy to keep communism contained within its existing borders
Marshall Plan
U.S. aid program to help Western Europe rebuild after World War II
Iron Curtain
imaginary barrier separating Soviet-controlled countries and the free world
How did the Korean War begin?
North Korea invaded South Korea.
How did the Korean War end?
The 38th Parallel was put into place.
Who supported North Korea during the Korean War?
Soviet Union
Who supported South Korea during the Korean War?
United Nations
Kim II Sungś involvement in North Korean Conflict
leader of the communist party in North Korea
Korean War Years
1950-1953
38th Parallel
dividing line between North Korea and South Korea
General Douglas MacArthur’s role in North Korea
World War II hero who commanded American troops in South Korea; wanted to nuke North Korea
China’s role in North Korean conflict
the fall of China led to North Korea invading South Korea, leading to the Korean War
Berlin Wall
wall that separates East and West Berlin
Joseph McCarthy
U.S. Senator who falsely accused Americans of having communist ties
McCarthyism
negative catchword for extreme, reckless charges of disloyalty; Americans began fearing a communist takeover
Blacklisting
refusing to give you a job because you were accused of being a communist; result of McCarthy trials
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
military alliance to counter Soviet expansion and stop communism
Warsaw Pact
rival military alliance formed by the Soviet Union and its satellite states
Detente
the easing of hostility or strained relations, especially between countries
SALT (Strategic Arms Limitations Talks)
limits gun and nuclear energies that a country has
Space Race
a race between the US and the USSR to put someone in space
Sputnik
satellite launched by the USSR into space
How did the launching of the Sputnik affect the Space Race?
It caused America to implement the National Defense Education Act to try to catch up
National Defense Education Act
provided funding to the United States educational institutions
Baby Boom
increase in births between1945 and 1964
Sunbelt
name given to the region of states in the South and the Southwest
What caused the rise in the Sunbelt?
interstates, warmer climates, and jobs
Rustbelt
Southern Midwest
What caused the fall of the Rustbelt?
migration to the Sunbelt
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
American organization that coordinates the space-related efforts of scientists and the military
What led to the creation of NASA?
America wanted to beat the USSR in the Space Race
Rosenbergs
American couple executed for passing atomic secrets to Soviet agents
Federal Employee Loyalty Program
Truman signed Executive Order 9835 and it was used to try to root out communists
Enemy Within
afraid of communists inside the country; caused by the Cold War; led to the McCarthy Trials
What was the impact of movies during the Cold War era?
They influenced the public´s opinions
Sacco & Vanzetti
Italian immigrant anarchists falsely accused of murdering a man
Eisenhowerś Policy
policy that stated the U.S. would use force to help nations threatened by communism
Jim Crow Laws
state and local laws that enforce racial segregation in southern states; led to the Civil Rights Movement; caused by Plessy vs. Ferguson
Plessy vs. Ferguson
court case that led to the legalization of segregation as long as they were separate but equal
Civil Rights/Votings Rights Act of 1965
completely outlawed segregation; result of the Civil Rights Movement and marked the end of that movement; written by Kennedy, but established by Johnson
What quote is attributed to Johnson concerning the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and the politics of the South?
¨Every American citizen must have an equal right to vote. There is no reason to which can excuse the denial of that right.¨
Solid South
when everyone left the South because they mostly elected democrats
What was the overall goal of the civil rights movement in the United States?
to give equal rights to African Americans
24th Amendment
constitutional amendment that banned the poll tax as a voting requirement
Lynching
public death by hanging without a trial
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
first established; founded by W.E.B DuBois
Medgar Evers
civil rights activist instrumental in the effort to desegregate the University of Mississippi
Thurgood Marshall
African American lawyer who led the legal team that challenged segregation in the courts; later named a Supreme Court justice
SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership)
founded by Martin Luther King, Jr.; fought for Civil Rights; marched on Washington and Selma, led Montgomery Bus Boycotts; led all the nonviolent protests
SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)
a grass-roots civil rights organization; coordinated Freedom Summer; tried to register black people to vote but three of them were beaten to death; trial was televised and found them nonguilty
Black Power Movement
a 1960s movement that urged African Americans to use their collective political and economic power to gain equality
Black Panther Party
an organization of militant African Americans founded in 1966
CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)
started by James Farmer in 1942 to peacefully protest
Letter from Birmingham Jail
written by King to his wife while he was in jail
Little Rock Nine
9 students were the first African Americans to enter Little Rock Central High School
James Meredith
former veteran who tried to attend Ole Miss; let in after Kennedy commanded it; attended Princeton
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas
ruled that segregation is always unequal
Rosa Parks
African American woman arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white person, leading to a prolonged bus boycott
Montgomery Bus Boycott
a 1955-1956 protest by African Americans in Montgomery, Alabama, against racial segregation in the bus system
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Baptist preacher and civil rights leader who advocated nonviolent protest against segregation
Sit-Ins
a form of protest where participants sit and refuse to move
Freedom Riders
1961 protest by activists who rode buses through southern states to test the ban on rider segregation on interstate buses
What was a long-term result of the efforts of Freedom Summer?
Voting Rights Act of 1965
What was the significance of Birmingham and Selma in the Civil Rights Movement?
They were nonviolent protests led by King that were televised
Civil Rights Act of 1954
outlawed discrimination in public places and employment based on race, religion, or national origin
Malcolm X
African American radical leader who was a member of the Nation of Islam
March on Washington
1963 demonstration in which 200,000 people rallied for economic equality and civil rights
Immigration Act of 1965
changed America’s immigration quota system
What federal legislation was enacted to provide women with more equality on the job?
Civil Rights Act of 1964
New Frontier
a term for Kennedy’s proposals to resolve economic, educational, healthcare, and civil rights issues and to explore space
Great Society
a plan to end poverty and racial injustice and provide opportunity for every child
Johnsonś beliefs on government responsibility and poverty
Johnson (Democrat) wanted to help the people by spending money on Medicare, Welfare, and Medicaid
Goldwaterś beliefs on government responsibility and poverty
Goldwater was a Social Darwinist that didn’t want to help at all
Medicaid
a federal program that provided basic medical services to poor and disabled Americans
Medicare
a federal program that provided basic hospital insurance for Americans aged 65 and older
Headstart
Daycares
Job Corps
designed to give people jobs
Peace Corps
a U.S. program that sent volunteers to developing countries to assist in education, healthcare, and economics
Eugene “Bull” Conner
Birmingham, Alabama Public Safety Commissioner who used police dogs and fire hoses on protestors
George Wallace
Alabama Governor who said, “I say segregation now! Segregation tomorrow! Segregation forever!”
