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metabolism > blurting > Flashcards

blurting Flashcards

1
Q

which nerve innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue general sensory

A

lingual (trigeminal)

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2
Q

which nerve innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue special sensory

A

chorda tympanum (facial)

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3
Q

which nerve innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue motor

A

hypoglossal

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4
Q

which is the only lingual muscle not innervated by the hypoglossal and which nerve innervates it

A

Palatoglossus - vagus

associated iwth the soft palate

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5
Q

which is the only lingual muscle not innervated by the hypoglossal and which nerve innervates it

A

Palatoglossus - vagus

associated iwth the soft palate

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6
Q

which nerve innervates the posterior third of the tongue - special sensory

A

glossopharyngeal

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7
Q

what does vitamin K do

A

clotting

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8
Q

why antibiotics bad with warfarin

A

microbiome makes vit K, warfarin thins blood

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9
Q

what is vit b9

A

folate

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10
Q

sources of b9

A

animal sources

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11
Q

water soluble vits

A

b and c

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12
Q

fat soluble vits

A

adek

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13
Q

where are most vits absorbed

A

jejunum

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14
Q

what is absorbed in the duodenum

A

cations

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15
Q

how is vit b12 absorbed

A

haptocorrin intrinsic factor from stomach, acidic pepsin environment, transcobalamin in distal ileum, endocytosis of complex, 50% to liver

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16
Q

what are the branches of teh coeliac trunk

A

left gastric, common hepatic, splenic

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17
Q

what are the branches of the left gastric

A

oesophageal branches

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18
Q

what are the branches of common hepatic

A

hepatic artery proper, gastroduodenal, right gastric

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19
Q

how do you identify gastroduodenal

A

goes down at a right angle

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20
Q

what are the splenic artery branches

A

short gastric, left gastroepiploic

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21
Q

what comes off gastroduodenal artery (2)

A

right gastroepiploic, superior pancreaticoduodenal

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22
Q

what comes off the superior mesenteric artery

A

jejunal and ileal branches, MRI colic

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23
Q

what does the marginal artery innervate

A

splenic flexure of LI

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24
Q

what do the jejunal arteries look like

A

long vasa recta, few low arcades

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25
Q

what do the ileal arteries look like

A

short vasa recta, loads of arcades

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26
Q

where are the ileal and jejunal arteries

A

inside the mesentary

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27
Q

peritoneum between liver and diaphragm

A

coronary ligament

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28
Q

peritoneum between liver and stomach

A

lesser omentum

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29
Q

gap in lesser omentum to access the lesser sacv

A

epiploic foramen

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30
Q

what is inside the hepatoduodenal ligament

A

hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery proper, common bile duct

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31
Q

what is three things inside the hepatoduodenal ligament called

A

portal triad

32
Q

what are the immune cells inside liver sinusoids called

A

Kupffer cells

33
Q

what do kupffer cells look like and where are they

A

inside the endothelium of the sinusoids

34
Q

what is vit b3

A

niacin

35
Q

what is the pathology of niacin deficiency

A

pellagra

36
Q

what are the symptoms of pellagra

A

DDDD
Dermatitis dementia diarrhoea death

37
Q

vit b1 is??

A

thiamin

38
Q

what is intrinsic factor deficiency

A

pernicious anaemia

39
Q

what sort of anaemia is pernicious anaemia

A

macrocytic (megaloblastic) anaemia

40
Q

how do you diagnose pancreatitid

A

too much amylase or lipase in the blood

41
Q

what is the first enzyme released that activates trypsin

A

enterokinase

42
Q

where are brunners glands

A

duodenum

43
Q

what are the gastric pit cells and what do they secrete

A

parietal - HCl and intrinsic factor
chief - pepsinogen and gastric lipase
G - gastrin
S - secretin (stimulates G cels)
ECL (muffin cells) - histamine
D cells - somatostatin (shuts the whoel thing down)

44
Q

how do you identify duodenum in histology

A

brunners glands

45
Q

what are the 3 layers of anterior abdominal muscle

A

rectus abdominus
internal oblique,
external oblique
transverse abdominus

46
Q

what is the direction of internal oblique fibres

A

anterior to superior

47
Q

what are the attachments of the abdominal aponeurosis

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

48
Q

what passes under inguinal ligament

A

femoral nerve artery vein

49
Q

how do yu get ricketts

A

Vit D deficiency

50
Q

what’s the adult version of ricketts

A

osteomalacia

51
Q

what’s vitamin a deficiency

A

eye problems, night blindness, xerophthalmia - dry spots

52
Q

when is vit A supplement absolutely contraindicated

A

pregnancy - teratogen

53
Q

how do people normally get vit A toxicity

A

too much supplements

54
Q

acute vit A toxicity symptoms

A

increased intracranial pressure

55
Q

acute vit A toxicity symptoms

A

increased intracranial pressure

56
Q

acute vit A toxicity symptoms

A

increased intracranial pressure

57
Q

acute vit A toxicity symptoms

A

increased intracranial pressure

58
Q

chronic vit A toxicity

A

eyebrow alopoecia

59
Q

what is iodine used for

A

sysnthesis of thyroid hormones

60
Q

what happens in utero if iodine deficiency

A

poor cognition
def mute
poor MSK development
more abortion
more stillbirth

61
Q

what is intestines born outside the baby called

A

omphalocele

62
Q

what is in the greater omentum

A

fat and epiploic arteries

63
Q

what vitamin is TPP derived from

A

thiamin (B1)

64
Q

what is the role of thiamine in the link reaction

A

co factor to PDC

65
Q

what is a pathology associated with thiamin deficeincy

A

beri beri

66
Q

what are the 2 sorts of beri beri and what do they do

A

wet - cardiovascular
dry - neuropathic

67
Q

what is the triad of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

A

ophthalmoplegia (normally lateral nystagmus)
ataxia
confusion

68
Q

when do you get Wernicke encephalopathy

A

beri beri

69
Q

when do you get korsakoff syndrome

A

alcohol abuse induced malnutrition

70
Q

which cells have GLUT1 transporters

A

all

71
Q

which cells have GLUT2 transporters

A

liver, SI, pancreas

72
Q

what is unique about GLUT2 transporters

A

high Km, therefore glucose sensors

73
Q

what cells have GLUT4 transporters

A

muscle and adipose tissue

74
Q

what 2 molecules modulate the ileal brake

A

PYY and GLP-1 promote satiety and slows the further emptying of gastric contents into the duodenum.

75
Q

What glucose transporter is described here: Found in the brain, neurons, sperm + is insulin independent, has low Km and high affinity?

A

GLUT 3

metabolism (5 decks)

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