blue cards Flashcards

1
Q

volcanic massive sulphide deposits

A

midocean ridge, cold, salty water penetrates faults and other cracks in the ocean floor

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2
Q

magmatic cooling

A

metals such as iron and chromium can be concentrated by gravitational settling of heavy minerals

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3
Q

hydrothermal process

A

-water warmed can be generated by the warming of ground water or seawater
-the higher the water temperature the greater amount of stuff the water can hold in solution

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4
Q

the slope angle

A

increasing the slope; increasing the driving force

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5
Q

blowouts

A

shallow depressions of dirt/dust

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6
Q

deflation

A

wind carries particles away

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7
Q

how much of earths surface is covered by deserts

A

30%

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8
Q

desert

A

an area/region, lacking moisture, often exposing expanses of barren rock and sediment and hosting climatic conditions

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9
Q

ore

A

mineral body that be mined at profit

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10
Q

what type of metals is lowest in weight %

A

silver, platinum, gold, copper, nickel, zinc

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11
Q

two fusible metal categories

A

-precious metals: metals of high intrisic value
-base metals: low intrinsic value

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12
Q

metal

A

metals of moderate hardness that can be fused with other metals to form alloys

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13
Q

economic factors that qualify a mineral body to be called an ore?

A

-concentration of the metals
-size of the orebody
-cost associated with infrastructure
-market value of metals of interest

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14
Q

steep slopes prone to mass wasting?

A

natural and man made slopes

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15
Q

natural slopes

A

-river banks
-mountain slopes
-fault surfaces
-wave-cut shorelines
-glacial valleys

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16
Q

man made

A

-road cuts
-excavation projects
-gravel pits
-quarres
-drainage ditches

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17
Q

types of material moved

A

-brittle solid material (rock)
-cohesive solid material (rocks or clay rich soils)
-loose particles (particles of soil, mud, debris of assorted sizes)

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18
Q

4 main types of deserts

A

-subtropical deserts
-polar deserts
-mid latitude deserts
-semi-arid regions

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19
Q

the three types of mass wasting classifications

A

-type of movement
-type of material moved
-rate of movement

20
Q

types of movement

A

-falling
-sliding
-flowing

21
Q

skarn characteristics

A

rec chalcocite crystals in marble skarn

22
Q

skarns

A

chemical sedimentary rocks affected by contact metamorphism can host deposits called skarns

23
Q

two wind depositions

A

loess and sand

24
Q

loess

A

winblown silt and clay

25
Q

sand

A

sand sized particles of resistant minerals commonly moulded by wind into dunes

26
Q

mass wasting?

A

the downslope movement of rock or regolith driven by the source/force of gravity

27
Q

vein deposits

A

-metal rich fluids metals penetrate larger fractures, they form mineral filled veins
-gold sometimes found in spaces between quartz crystals

28
Q

know deposits

A

inferrred to exist, but not yet economically, legally or technologically recoverable

29
Q

bauxite

A

readily dissolved ions are washed away from the soil, leaving a residue rich in gibbsite

30
Q

abrasion

A

sediment particles carried in suspension can polish solid surface of exposed rock

31
Q

controls of mass wasting

A

-properties of material involved
-slope angle
-water content of material
-removal of vegetation
-mass movement triggers

32
Q

subtropical deserts

A

-high pressure belts between Hadley and ferell cells, dry air flows downward

33
Q

banded iron does not form today because?

A

-oxygen in the atmosphere rusts iron on land
-most silica dissolved in the sea is used by organisms to make their skeletons

34
Q

three types of circulation cells

A

hadley cells, polar cells and ferrell cells

35
Q

polar deserts

A

-high pressure regions, dry air flows downward

36
Q

2 physical components of a dessert

A

water and wind

37
Q

what happens when you add water to material on a slope?

A

the presence of water can increase the cohesion of loose particles and adding water can destabilize the material

38
Q

mass movement triggers

A

-vibrations
-liquefication of water
-any added stress on a material

39
Q

removal of vegetation

A

the roots of plants anchor loose material such as soil in place on a slope

40
Q

rockslide

A

blocks of solid, brittle rock slide down a planar surface

41
Q

slump

A

materials move as coherent blocks along curved surfaces

42
Q

non renewable sources

A

cannot be replenished within human lifespan

43
Q

renewable resources

A

replenished over relatively short time spans

44
Q

reserves

A

already identified deposits from which minerals and fuel materials can be extracted legally and economically with current technology

45
Q

resource

A

endowment of materials useful to people and ultimately available commercially

46
Q

disseminated deposits

A

pressure from intrusion generates lots of microscopic cracks

47
Q

panning

A

the size of gold particles can range from dust sized or pea sized or larger