Blue Boxes and CIS

Question 1

Osgood Schlatter Disease

Answer 1

Separation of patellar ligament at tibial tuberosity

Can cause bony growth

Question 2

Compartment Syndromes

Answer 2

Edema within leg compartments increases pressure
Increased pressure can cause ischemia
Treat with fasciotomy

Question 3

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Answer 3

Caused by venous stasis

Causes erythema, swelling and warmth

Question 4

Saphenous Grafts

Answer 4

Great Saphenous Vein used for coronary bypass
Saphenous cutdown can damage Saphenous N
Causes medial leg/foot numbness

Question 5

Femoral Hernia

Answer 5

Herniation will occur at the femoral ring, the opening of the femoral canal

Question 6

Quadriceps Paralysis

Answer 6

Walk with a forward lean with hand on thigh

Question 7

Chondromalacia Patellae

Answer 7

Runners knee

Softened knee cartilage

Question 8

Patellar Tendon Reflex

Answer 8

Tests L2-L4 and Femoral N.

Question 9

Groin Pull

Answer 9

Tearing of anteromedial thigh muscles -> adductors and flexors

Question 10

Femoral Pulse

Answer 10

Midway between ASIS and Pubic Symphysis

Question 11

Trendelendburg’s Sign

Answer 11

Duchenne’s Limp

Hip drop associated with waddling gait and ipsilateral side leaning

Question 12

Intragluteal Injections

Answer 12

Done in superolateral region of buttocks to avoid hitting Sciatic N

Question 13

Shin Slpints

Answer 13

Strain of Tibialis Anterior M. causing minor compartment swelling

Question 14

Hip Injury Presentation

Answer 14

Fracture shows lateral rotation of thigh

Dislocation shows medial rotation of thigh

Question 15

Common Fibular Nerve Injury

Answer 15

Causes foot drop and high stepping gait with a clop sound of foot

Question 16

Calcaneal Tendon Reflex

Answer 16

Tests the S1 and S2 roots

Question 17

Plantar Fasciitis

Answer 17

Inflamed plantar aponeurosis from high impact activities
Pain is worst in morning and after sitting
Can cause calcaneal bone spur

Question 18

Plantar Reflex

Answer 18

Tests L4-S2 roots

Question 19

Femoral Head Necrosis

Answer 19

Caused by dislocation of hip (kids and Bo Jackson)

Ligamentum Teres and associated artery

Question 20

Unhappy Triad

Answer 20

ACL, MCL and Medial Meniscus tear together from lateral force

Question 21

Inversion Ankle Sprain

Answer 21

Tears Anterior Talofibular L

Question 22

Pott’s Fracture

Answer 22

Caused by eversion ankle sprain

Breaks Medial Malleolus, Distal Fibula and dislocates ankle

Question 23

Hallux Valgus

Answer 23

Lateral deviation of hallux and sesamoid bones

Causes corns and bunions

Question 24

Tetrodotoxin

Answer 24

Puffer fish poison

Presents with paralysis, loss of reflexes and facial paresthesias

Question 25

Botulinum Toxin

Answer 25

Found on fruits, vegetables and soil
Cleaves SNARE compund, blocking Ach release
Presents with nausea, vomiting, dry mouth
Used for wrinkles and headaches clinically

Question 26

Tetanus Toxin

Answer 26

Found in soil
Stops Ach vesicle release and muscle relaxtion
Causes tetanus

Question 27

d-Tubocurarine

Answer 27

Non-depolarizing nAchR antagonist
Causes paralysis
Has long half life

Question 28

Succinylcholine

Answer 28

Depolarizing nAchR agonist
Causes muscle twitches followed by paralysis
Short term effects

Question 29

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Answer 29

Increase Ach in synaptic cleft
Lethal levels cause spasm and paralysis
Normally used to treat disease

Question 30

Malignant Hypothermia

Answer 30

Increased metabolic activity from anesthesia
Caused by ryanodine receptor mutation
Presents as hyperthermia, increased blood CO2, increased O2 use
Treated with Dantrolene