Bloods And Blood Componment Flashcards
Describe the constituents of blood
Blood is made of 55 percent plasma (including proteins, electrolytes, enzymes, nutrients
Red blood cells 45 percent
White blood cells is less than 1 percent
Platelets less than 1 percent
How much blood in a human body
Newborn is 80ml of blood
30kg child is 2 litres
Matured female is 3-5 litres depends on age and size
Male adult is 4-6 depended on size and age
Pregnant women is 5-6 litres
Outline the production and function of red blood cells (erythrocytes )
Biconcave disc , flexible memebrane so it can squeeze through the capillaries
Carries haemoglobin a protein which can carry o2.
Carry some co2
Membrane made up of certain gycolipids which are antigens responsible for difference in blood type
Lack of nucleus and organelles so can’t reproduce or synthesis new components
Live for 120 days
They start in the bone marrow as stem cells and differentiate into pro erythoblasts
Synthesis of haemoglobin and nucleus expelled =reticulocytes
Reticulocytes matures over 1-2 days after leaving bone marrow
Outline the production and function of white blood cells (LEUCOCYTES)
Have a nucleus
Plasma membrane have a protein which are antigens used for immunological purposes
Can live for months or years but most live for a few days or hours
Combat infections by phagocytosis or in the immune response
Can leave the blood stream to deal with invading pathogens
Some never return and some circulate in and out of blood vessels
Outline the production and function of platelets ( Thrombocytes)
Formed under the influence of red bone marrow then enter circulation
Disc shaped
No nucleus , many vesicles
Life span 5-9 days
Involved in homeostasis by forming platelet plugs and blood clotting
What are the 4 different blood groups
Type A surface antigens A
Type B Surface antigens B
Type AB SURFACE antigens A and B
Type O neither A OR B
O can be given to the other but can not take the other types of blood
Can’t give foreign antigens to no one people which no surface antigens are blood type o
SURFACE ANTIGEN + opposing antibodies = clumping
Blood groups is categorised by the presence or absence of the antigens on the cell surface
Describe the antibody reactivity
Anti A antibody will react with antigen A
ANTI B ANTIBODy will react with antigen b
Plasma does not contains antigens of its own erythrocytes.
Plasma may contains antibodies which will react with antigens that the body’s own RBCs lack.
What is inheritance pattern of blood type
Inheritance of blood type is due to multiple allele inheritance
Blood type A and O are dominant to blood type O
Blood type A AND B are co-dominant
Describe the Rhesus blood group
3 inherited alleles responsible for coding the rhesus antigen C,D,E
D antigen is specifically responsible for the rhesus status of an individual
If d antigens is present on the surface of the RBC the individual is Rh +
Rh+ is dominant to RH- in the inheritance pattern for this group
What is ABO incompatibility in pregnancy
Very rare in Caucasian pregnancy but 3% -5% in African and American pregnancy
Happens when a mothers blood type is O AND her baby is A or B
MUMS immune system reacts and makes antibodies against her baby’s red blood cells
Anti A AND ANTI B antibodies belong to a classification of antibodies called IgM due to their molecular sizes
Very unlikely to cross the placenta
What is rhesus incompatibility in pregnancy
Mother is RH neg and fetus is Rh pos
RHD antigens from the foetus mixes with maternal blood
Mother makes anti D antibodies
IgG antibodies due to their molecular sizes can then cross the placenta
These anti D antibodies will then attack the foetal erythrocytes carrying the D surface antigens
Causes iso immunisation , fetal Anaemia
