BLOOD - WBC 24 -28 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Diapedesis?

A
movement or passage of blood cells
-ameboid out
through intact capillary walls
-fenestrations
into surrounding body tissue
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2
Q

Leukocytes: Mnemonic

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

A
Never - Neutrophil ( most abundant )
Let = Lymphocyte
Monkeys = Monocyte
Eat = Eosinophil
Bananas = Basophil (least abundant)
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3
Q

Granulocytes are divided into two classes?

A
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
-based on presence or absence 
cytoplasmic secretory vesicles
= specific granules
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4
Q

24 List granuloctyes?

Differentiate between granulocytes?

  • appearance
  • size
  • function
  • lifespan
  • differential count variability
  • development (stem cell to mature)
A

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

have specific granules in cytoplasm

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5
Q

24

Describe Neutrophils?

A
most numerous
phagocytic everything (not specific)
65% of WBC count
4100/microliter of blood 10(-6)
minutes - days survival rate 
-longest lifespan of granulocytes
Nucleus = 
-multi lobed
-segmented
-polymorphic
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6
Q

Lymphocyte

A
Big round nucleus, uniform  
-symmetric, dominates 
fn: adaptive immunity
-produce antibodies 
last years
very active or dormant (10yrs)
-vaccinations 
20-40%
-flexible, based on infection rate
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7
Q

Monocytes

A
Big cells
6% WBC
Nucleus: kidney shape, horseshoe 
leave marrow become macrophages
-break things down, ingest 
survive several months
450-500 microL of blood
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8
Q

Eosinophils

A
Nucleus- bilobed
Cytoplasm- granules orange
2% WBC count
150-160 micro L
specific phagocyte - parasites 
-lysosomal enzymes - break blood clots
detoxify
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9
Q

Basophils

A
Nucleus bilobed
Cytoplasm violet
release histamine and heparin 
-inflammation, anticoagulant (coumadin) 
>1% WBC count
approx. 45/microL
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10
Q

Corpuscle Cells:

Derived from?

A
1 Red Bone Marrow 
storage:
-all granulocytes and monocytes
-not lymphocytes  
Lymphocytes:
-migrate to the Thymus (T-cells)
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11
Q

25

What is Leukopoesis

A
formation of WBC = leukocytes 
form of hematopoiesis
-formation of blood cellular components
derived from pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells 
-reside in medulla of the bone
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12
Q

Pluripotent Hematopoietic Stem Cells:

A
Multipotent hematopoietic Stem Cell
MYELOID
-MegaKaryocyte = thrombocyte (platelets)
-Erythrocyte 
-Mast Cell
-Myeloblast = basophil, neutrophil, monocyte ->macrophage
LYMPHOID
-Lymphocyte = B and T
B -> plasma cell
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13
Q

25
What factors influence Leukopoesis?
She has not lectured on this yet….

A
secretion based on a response
-immune challenges (specific need)
infection
-bacterial -> neutrophils
-allergy -> eosinophil
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14
Q

Leukocytes

Longevity

A
Granulocytes 
-circulate 4-8 hrs, migrate to tissue 
survive 4-5 days
Monocytes
-circulate 10-20 hours
-migrate to tissue transform into macrophages
survive a few years
Lymphocytes = long term immunity
survive a few weeks to decades 
continually recycled: blood - tissue fluid - lymph
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15
Q

26

What is Leukemia?

A

Type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow
-abnormal increase of immature WBC
broad spectrum of diseases
-effect blood, bone marrow and lymphoid system

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16
Q

Leukemia Causes

A
1 damage to the bone marrow
by way of displacing normal bone marrow
-with higher [ # immature WBCs]'s
lack of platelets 
-easily bruise, bleed excess.
2 WBC suppressed or dysfunctional
-frequent infections
3 anemia 
-dyspnea and pallor
17
Q

26

Differentiate between Hodgkins and Non-Hodgkins Leukemia?

A
types of lymphomas 
-blood cancer B and T lymphocytes 
tumor masses 
lymph nodes
HODGKIN's
-six types
-involves Reed-Sternberg Cells (B-lymphocytes)
NON HODGKIN's
- more than 61 types 
- does not involve Reed-Sternberg Cells
18
Q

27
What is Leukopenia?
What are Five Causes?

A

Decrease in WBC found in the blood
puts person at increased risk for infection

1 viral infection - cold, influenza
2 chemotherapy
3 radiation therapy
4 myelofibrosis = bone marrow disorder - fibrosis
5 aplastic anemia = bone marrow and blood stem cell damage
deficiency: RBC (anemia), WBC (leukopenia) and platelets (thrombocytopenia)

19
Q

28

Describe Diapedesis

A
movement of WBC 
through capillary walls into surrounding tissue
-capillaries
pores - fenestrations
-WBC action
ameboid out - change shape