BLOOD - RBC 15-28 Flashcards
15
Describe MHC
Major Histocompatibility Complex
aka - Human Leukocyte Antigen
-an Antigen-Presenting Cell APC
-physical attachment of antigen
to transmembrane protein = MHC
molecules embedded within plasma membrane
two categories
MHC class I molecules - nucleated cells
MHC class II molecules - APC (both I and II)
MHC -
more info
from her notes
cell surface molecule mediate interactions -leukocytes WBC determines: 1 compatibility -donors for organ transplant 2 susceptibility -autoimmune disease
MHC
What I have found.
T-cells recognize and attack foreign antigens
-cannot ID on own
-require help of APC
APC function hinges on genes on chromosome 6
= MHC
-genes code for MHC protein
-protein on APC surface
-unique to every person
-act as identification tags
label every cell of your body as belonging to you
16
What is an agglutinin?
A substance that causes particles to coagulate to form a thickened mass
-antibodies
cause antibodies to aggregate
-sugar-binding protein = lectins
16
describe agglutinogen?
An antigen that stimulates the production of an agglutinin
16
What is agglutination?
A diagnostic tool
an agglutinin causes particles to coagulate. -can be antibodies cause antigens to aggregate HOW -clump on particles -cause particles to change shape from fluid like to thick mass -when added to suspension binds to structure -causes aggregate to fall to bottom - leaves clear suspension
17
List primary agglutinins?
(antibodies = immunoglobulins)
G-MADE
IgA IgD IgE IgG IgM
18
List Primary Agglutinogens? = antigens
Exogenous -enter bod from outside -inhalation, ingestion, injection Endogenous -generated within normal cells -result of normal cell metabolism -viral or intracellular bacterial infection Autoantigens -normal protein or complex -recognized by immune system (autoimmune disease)
18
WTF is she ASKING?
What category of immunoglobulin to fall under?
Waiting for lecture
My Guess:
IgA - mucosal - pathogens: virus, bacteria, fungus
IgG - fetus immunity from Mom - invading pathogens
IgM - ABO - surface B-cell, prior to IgG - pathogens
IgD - Rh - antigen receptor on B cells - antimicrobial
-not exposed to antigen
-basophils, mast cells
IgE - allergens - histamine release - allergy, parasitic worms
-mast cells, basophils
What are the Blood Types?
A
B
AB
O
19 Frequency of blood type groups amongst specific US populations? -Caucasian -African American -Hispanic -Native American -Asian
See Handout.
Highest % to Least %
O
A
B
AB
20
Punnett Square
predicts outcome - inheritance allele: homozygous dominant - A A heterozygous dominant - A a homozygous recessive - a a
21
What is the Rh Group?
Rhesus monkey
Rhesus Blood Group System - Rh factor -one of thirty human blood group systems -one of the most important Rh: -negative - genotype dd -positive - genotype DD or Dd refer to D antigen only -role in blood transfusions -used to determine risk of erythroblastosis fetalis
23
What is hemolytic disease of a new born?
erythro-blast-osis fetalis
alloimmune condition, develops in fetus
-body attacks transplanted tissue and fetus
-response to foreign antigen
-IgG molecule produced by mother pass through placenta
some antibodies attack the RBC in fetal circulation
-RBC broken down
-fetus develops reticulocytosis and anemia
immature RBC
-fetal death from heart failure
erythroblasts are present in fetal blood = erythroblastosis fetalis
Pregnancy and Rh
Rh - Mom carries Rh + baby 1st pregnancy uneventful -at birth mother exposed to fetal blood -she produces anti-D antibodies 2nd pregnancy Rh + baby -her antibodies may pass through placenta agglutinate the fetal erythrocytes -hemolyze -baby born w/ severe anemia
