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SUM '20 - Pharm II > blood & Videos > Flashcards

blood & Videos Flashcards

1
Q

hemostasis -

A

a term means to stop bleeding -prevents exsanguination following injury, trauma and or surgery

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2
Q

zymogens

A

inactive enzymatic precursors of most coagulation factors

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3
Q

proteases

A

catalyst transforming inactive into an active state

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4
Q

extrinsic factor

A

7

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5
Q

intrinsic factor

A

9, 11, 12, (8)

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6
Q

common pathway factor

A

10, 2, 13

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7
Q

pathway for pt

A

extrinsic

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8
Q

pathway for ptt

A

intrinsic

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9
Q

what does the post op anabolic state do to coagulation factors

A

increases hemostatic factors for several days

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10
Q

factor 1

A

fibrinogen

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11
Q

factor 2

A

prothrombin

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12
Q

factor 3

A

thromboplastin /tissue factor

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13
Q

factor Iv

A

calcium

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14
Q

factor V

A

labile factor/proccelerin

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15
Q

factor VII

A

SPCA- serum prothrombin converting accelerator

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16
Q

factor VIII

A

anti hemophilic a factor

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17
Q

factor IX

A

christmas factor

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18
Q

factor X

A

stuart factor

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19
Q

factor XI

A

plasma thrombplastin antecedent

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20
Q

factor XII

A

hageman factor

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21
Q

Factor XIII

A

fibrin stabilizing factor

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22
Q

because of loss of vascular endothelial function and other prohemostatis changes, venous and arterial thromboembolic events -when does this occur

A

increases with age.

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23
Q

antiphospholipid syndrome is caused by

A

lupus anticoagulant (phoslipid binding antibody)

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24
Q

antiphospholipid syndrome- cause by lupus anticoagulant will present with

A

prolonged prothrombin times and partial thromboplastin times

BUT-they are hyper coagulable.

25
Q

what is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia in the perioperative setting

A

dilutional effect following volume resuscitation

26
Q

treatment for DIC

A

antibiotics
removed underlying problem
instituting anticoagulation
*support organs

27
Q

at the center of hemostasis is the ability to generate

A

thrombin

28
Q

thrombin plays a role in activation of additional

A

coagulation factors

29
Q

What factor activates Factor 10?

A

factor 9a

30
Q

the first factor in the common pathway

A

factor 10

31
Q

factor 7 converts to 7a through

A

Tissue factor (factor 3)

32
Q

10a acts as a protease and converts

A 
factor 2 (prothrombin) 
to
factor 2a (thrombin)
33
Q

Thrombin converts

A

fibrinogen to fibrin (monomer)

34
Q

Fibrin clot is eventually broken down by

A

fibrinolytic

35
Q

plasminogen –> plasmin is the ultimate fibrinolytic and

A

breaks down the fibrin clot

36
Q

Fibrinolytic therapy vs anticoagulation

A

fibrinolytics: activate plasmin to breakdown clots
anticoagulation: prevent fibrin clots from forming

37
Q

Hemophilia A hallmark lab values

A

normal BT

Normal PLT count

38
Q

In Hemophilia A, factor X can’t be activated as well. this results in

A

fibrin polymer meshwork to not form

39
Q

Hemophilia B is a deficiency of which factor? it’s also known as?

A

Christmas Tree disease

40
Q

Protein C inactivates

A

Factors Va and VIIIa (58)

41
Q

Coumadin binds to

A

vitamin K

42
Q

Protein S makes

A

Protein C (breaks down 5a and 8a)

*require Vit K to work

43
Q

PT and PTT do not measure what factor?

A

XIII (13)

44
Q

Heparin principally acts on

A

Antithrombin (AT)

45
Q

Heparin makes AT do what?

A

“it’s on steroids”

heparin makes AT work really well

46
Q

Heparin’s impact on AT inactivates

A

factors II, X – the common pathway

blocks coagulation

47
Q

LMWH are short chained

A

polysaccharides

48
Q

Unfractionated Heparin need to monitor

A

PTT

49
Q

Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia

A
  • decreased PLT count caused by heparin
  • hypercoagulability
  • IgG antibodies against heparin bind to Factor IV (calcium)
  • antibodies+heprin/PLT factor IV complex will activate PLT and form clots
50
Q

PLT: decreased
BT: increased
PT: normal
PTT: normal

What is this disorder?

A

Thrombocytopenia

51
Q

PLT: Normal
BT: increased
PT: normal
PTT: increased

What is this disorder?

A

von Willebrand Disease

52
Q

PLT: normal
BT: normal
PT: normal
PTT: increased

What is this disorder?

A

Hemophilia A

53
Q

PLT: decreased
BT: increased
PT: increased
PTT: increased

What is this disorder?

A

DIC

54
Q

PLT: normal
BT: increased
PT: increased
PTT: increased

What is this disorder?

A

primary fibrinolysis

55
Q

PLT: normal
BT: increased
PT: normal
PTT: normal

What is this disorder?

A

Aspirin or NSAIDs

56
Q

PLT: normal
BT: normal
PT: increased
PTT: increased

What is this disorder?

A

Warfarin or Heparin

57
Q

ABL =

A

[EBV x (Start Hct – Target Hct)] / Start Hct

58
Q

Sponge (4x4) =

lap sponge =

A

Sponge (4x4) = 10ml

lap sponge = 100-150ml

SUM '20 - Pharm II (30 decks)

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