Blood Vessels Flashcards
Vascular disease MC involves the ________
Arteries
What is the Tunica intima made up of
endothelia cells
What is the Tunica Media made of
Smooth m.
What is the Tunica Adventitia made up of
CT, nerves, vessels
The lumen supplies the interior of blood vessels via diffusion, but how does the exterior get supplied
By vasa vasorum
What does endothelial activation do to inflammation
Inc.
What does rupture of a berry aneurysm lead to
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
What is it called when a larger artery inappropriately connects to a vein, bypassing capillaries
AV fistula
What is local thickening of medium/large artery walls leading to ischemia (MC in young adult females)
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Irreversible intimal thickening of the vessel happens in response to what
Injury
What is the MC form of arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
What has the classic “Onionskin” appearance
Hyperplastic Arteriolosclerosis
99% of arteriosclerosis is what
Atherosclerosis
What is a fat-laden macrophage found within atheromas
Foam Cell
What is accelerated by hemodynamic stress, MC at branch points or other turbulent areas
Atherosclerosis
What is dilation of all 3 layers of a vessel wall
True Aneurysm
What is an isolated defect in a vascular wall
False Aneurysm
Abdominal aorta, iliac arteries, and aortic arch are the MC locations for what
Aneurysms
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm is a contraindication to what
Adjusting
What is marked by abnormal copper ion transpiration which damages liver, brain, eyes
Wilson’s Disease
What is a type A aortic dissection
Ascending aorta. MC and more severe
What is at type B aortic dissection
Distal to Lt. subclavian artery. Less common and less severe
What is the MC vasculitis in elderly
Temporal arteritis
What is defined by “splays apart the laminar planes of the media to form a blood-filled channel inside the aortic wall
Aortic Dissection
What is the major risk factor (90%) for Pericardial Tamponade
HTN
What is Pericardial Tamponade
When fluid accumulates in the pericardium, preventing the ventricles from fully expanding, leads to heart failure
What conditions make aortic dissections more common
Marfans, Elhers-Danlos, Wilsons
What are the 3 types of vasculitis
Infectous (Hep B, syphilis)
Immune-mediated (type III hypersensitivity)
Misc. ie. irradiation, trauma
What does temporal arteritis form, and what artery is is involved 50%
Forms granulomas (giant cells) and Opthalmic
What is Takayasu Arteritis aka
Pulseless Disease
What is Takayasu Arteritis, and who is MC affected
Narrowing of the aortic arch. MC
What is systemic autoimmune vasculitis of small/medium sized areteires MC in the kidneys, heart, liver or GI
Polyarteritis nodosa
T/F: Polyarteritis Nodosa is fatal if untreated, but corticosteroids cure ~90%
True
What is pediatric vasculitis (80%
Kawasaki Disease
What specific group of people are at a greater risk for kawasaki disease
Rare, but Asian males
What does Kawasaki Disease have no response to
Ibuprofen or acetaminophen
What is there of note about the tongue in Kawasaki Disease
“strawberry tongue”
What condition is idiopathic swelling of the liver and brain brought on by the combination of Aspirin and Viral infection (flu or chickenpox). MC 4-12. Med. Emergency, can be rapidly fatal
Reye Syndrome
What is a Type IV hypersensitivity of Necrotizing vasculitis of kidneys and repiratory tract. MC males ~40. 80% lethal within a year.
Wegener Gragnulomatosis
What is vasculitis of heavy tobacco smokers. tibal feet radial hands. Males 3x 25-35. Ischemia, pain, cyanosis/cold, ulcerations, gangrene
Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)
What is a heart condition following extreme psychological stress. Surge of catecholamines inc. HR and cardiac contractility and coronary artery vasospasm
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
What are Broken Heart syndrome and Stress-induced cardiomyopathy both aka
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
What is formation of a clot within a vessel
Thrombosis
What is the generic term for venous inflam
Phlebitis
Varicose veins, Phlebothrombosis (no previous inflam), and Thrombophlebitis (follows inflam) account for what % of venous diseases
(90%)
Most Thrombophlebitis (>90%) are what
DVTs
Bronchogenic carcinoma, mediastinal lymphoma, Congested UE veins, UE cyanosis/edema describes what condition
Sup. Vena Cava Syndrome
Hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, pregnancy, congested LE veins, LE cyanosis/edema, and proteinuria describe what condition
Inf. Vena Cava Syndrome
What does Lymphedema MC follow
Infection or Inflammation
Primary lymphedema has congenital lymphatic malformations and is aka
Milroy disease
When does secondary lymphedema occur
When something obstructs a previously normal lymph vessel. MC Filariasis
Peau d’orange is seen in what kind of lymphedema
Acute lymphedema
Brawny induration is hardening of the skin seen in what kind of lyphedema
Chronic lymphedema
What is the MC cause of lymphangitis
Post bacterial infection
What is condition is asymptomatic, unless T cell immunity is altered. associated with “purpura”
Kaposi Sarcoma. caused by Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus
What is a malignancy of vascular endothelia MC Dx. in older adults and can be either differentiated (less aggressive) or anaplastic (invasive and highly malignant)
Angiosarcoma
What is the common Tx. for CAD (90%)
Endovascular Stenting
What is the goal of a vascular graft
Replace or bypass arteries, limitation is long-term patency
Which is best to use for vascular replacment
A. Synthetic
B. Great Saphenous Vein
C. Internal Mammary Artery
C. Internal Mammary artery = 90% at 10 years
- GSV-50% at 10 years
- Synthetic inc. risk of thrombosis
