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Systems Path Exam II > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Vascular disease MC involves the ________

A

Arteries

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2
Q

What is the Tunica intima made up of

A

endothelia cells

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3
Q

What is the Tunica Media made of

A

Smooth m.

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4
Q

What is the Tunica Adventitia made up of

A

CT, nerves, vessels

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5
Q

The lumen supplies the interior of blood vessels via diffusion, but how does the exterior get supplied

A

By vasa vasorum

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6
Q

What does endothelial activation do to inflammation

A

Inc.

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7
Q

What does rupture of a berry aneurysm lead to

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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8
Q

What is it called when a larger artery inappropriately connects to a vein, bypassing capillaries

A

AV fistula

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9
Q

What is local thickening of medium/large artery walls leading to ischemia (MC in young adult females)

A

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

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10
Q

Irreversible intimal thickening of the vessel happens in response to what

A

Injury

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11
Q

What is the MC form of arteriosclerosis

A

Atherosclerosis

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12
Q

What has the classic “Onionskin” appearance

A

Hyperplastic Arteriolosclerosis

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13
Q

99% of arteriosclerosis is what

A

Atherosclerosis

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14
Q

What is a fat-laden macrophage found within atheromas

A

Foam Cell

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15
Q

What is accelerated by hemodynamic stress, MC at branch points or other turbulent areas

A

Atherosclerosis

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16
Q

What is dilation of all 3 layers of a vessel wall

A

True Aneurysm

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17
Q

What is an isolated defect in a vascular wall

A

False Aneurysm

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18
Q

Abdominal aorta, iliac arteries, and aortic arch are the MC locations for what

A

Aneurysms

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19
Q

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm is a contraindication to what

A

Adjusting

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20
Q

What is marked by abnormal copper ion transpiration which damages liver, brain, eyes

A

Wilson’s Disease

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21
Q

What is a type A aortic dissection

A

Ascending aorta. MC and more severe

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22
Q

What is at type B aortic dissection

A

Distal to Lt. subclavian artery. Less common and less severe

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23
Q

What is the MC vasculitis in elderly

A

Temporal arteritis

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24
Q

What is defined by “splays apart the laminar planes of the media to form a blood-filled channel inside the aortic wall

A

Aortic Dissection

25
Q

What is the major risk factor (90%) for Pericardial Tamponade

A

HTN

26
Q

What is Pericardial Tamponade

A

When fluid accumulates in the pericardium, preventing the ventricles from fully expanding, leads to heart failure

27
Q

What conditions make aortic dissections more common

A

Marfans, Elhers-Danlos, Wilsons

28
Q

What are the 3 types of vasculitis

A

Infectous (Hep B, syphilis)
Immune-mediated (type III hypersensitivity)
Misc. ie. irradiation, trauma

29
Q

What does temporal arteritis form, and what artery is is involved 50%

A

Forms granulomas (giant cells) and Opthalmic

30
Q

What is Takayasu Arteritis aka

A

Pulseless Disease

31
Q

What is Takayasu Arteritis, and who is MC affected

A

Narrowing of the aortic arch. MC

32
Q

What is systemic autoimmune vasculitis of small/medium sized areteires MC in the kidneys, heart, liver or GI

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

33
Q

T/F: Polyarteritis Nodosa is fatal if untreated, but corticosteroids cure ~90%

A

True

34
Q

What is pediatric vasculitis (80%

A

Kawasaki Disease

35
Q

What specific group of people are at a greater risk for kawasaki disease

A

Rare, but Asian males

36
Q

What does Kawasaki Disease have no response to

A

Ibuprofen or acetaminophen

37
Q

What is there of note about the tongue in Kawasaki Disease

A

“strawberry tongue”

38
Q

What condition is idiopathic swelling of the liver and brain brought on by the combination of Aspirin and Viral infection (flu or chickenpox). MC 4-12. Med. Emergency, can be rapidly fatal

A

Reye Syndrome

39
Q

What is a Type IV hypersensitivity of Necrotizing vasculitis of kidneys and repiratory tract. MC males ~40. 80% lethal within a year.

A

Wegener Gragnulomatosis

40
Q

What is vasculitis of heavy tobacco smokers. tibal feet radial hands. Males 3x 25-35. Ischemia, pain, cyanosis/cold, ulcerations, gangrene

A

Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger Disease)

41
Q

What is a heart condition following extreme psychological stress. Surge of catecholamines inc. HR and cardiac contractility and coronary artery vasospasm

A

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

42
Q

What are Broken Heart syndrome and Stress-induced cardiomyopathy both aka

A

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

43
Q

What is formation of a clot within a vessel

A

Thrombosis

44
Q

What is the generic term for venous inflam

A

Phlebitis

45
Q

Varicose veins, Phlebothrombosis (no previous inflam), and Thrombophlebitis (follows inflam) account for what % of venous diseases

A

(90%)

46
Q

Most Thrombophlebitis (>90%) are what

A

DVTs

47
Q

Bronchogenic carcinoma, mediastinal lymphoma, Congested UE veins, UE cyanosis/edema describes what condition

A

Sup. Vena Cava Syndrome

48
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, pregnancy, congested LE veins, LE cyanosis/edema, and proteinuria describe what condition

A

Inf. Vena Cava Syndrome

49
Q

What does Lymphedema MC follow

A

Infection or Inflammation

50
Q

Primary lymphedema has congenital lymphatic malformations and is aka

A

Milroy disease

51
Q

When does secondary lymphedema occur

A

When something obstructs a previously normal lymph vessel. MC Filariasis

52
Q

Peau d’orange is seen in what kind of lymphedema

A

Acute lymphedema

53
Q

Brawny induration is hardening of the skin seen in what kind of lyphedema

A

Chronic lymphedema

54
Q

What is the MC cause of lymphangitis

A

Post bacterial infection

55
Q

What is condition is asymptomatic, unless T cell immunity is altered. associated with “purpura”

A

Kaposi Sarcoma. caused by Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus

56
Q

What is a malignancy of vascular endothelia MC Dx. in older adults and can be either differentiated (less aggressive) or anaplastic (invasive and highly malignant)

A

Angiosarcoma

57
Q

What is the common Tx. for CAD (90%)

A

Endovascular Stenting

58
Q

What is the goal of a vascular graft

A

Replace or bypass arteries, limitation is long-term patency

59
Q

Which is best to use for vascular replacment
A. Synthetic
B. Great Saphenous Vein
C. Internal Mammary Artery

A

C. Internal Mammary artery = 90% at 10 years

  • GSV-50% at 10 years
  • Synthetic inc. risk of thrombosis

Systems Path Exam II (2 decks)

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