Blood vessels Flashcards
Monkeberg medial sclerosis is what?
Calcification of the media of muscular arteries
Doesn’t encroach on the lumen like athersclerosis
Occurs in patients over age of 50
Fibromuscular intimal hyperplasia is what?
Encroachment of the lumen by fibroblasts and muscle cells post muscular artery injury. Is an issue after artery stenting
How is low blood pressure sensed in the kidney?
Justomedullary apparatus detects reduction in sodium in filrtate. Causes renin secrtion, which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1, then ACE in the lungs to ATII which acts all over the place. Causes aldosterone production and sodium retention but also peripheral vasoconstriction.
How is hypervolaemia managed physiologically?
Production of ANP by the heart. Acts on kidneys. Wee out the water.
What are the 2 types of changes to small arteries in patients with hypertension?
Hyaline arteriosclerosis - fibrous infiltrate.
— wall thick but fragile. Can lead to spontaensou bleeding (haemorrhage stroke for example).
Hyperplastic arterioslosclerosis
- proliferation of smooth muscle cells and increase in basement membrane deposition in the wall of small arteries.
Where does athersclorotic plaque acumulate in the artery layers?
In the intima
What type of macrophages are found in atheromata?
Foamy macrophages
What’s the difference between stable and unstable plaque?
Unstable his thin fibrous cap that could rupture at any moment. Stable plaques have got big thick caps that are unlikely to rupture.
What are the possible causes of dissection or aneurysms?
Connective tissue diseases
Excessive TGF-beta causing decreased ECM
More… (textbook needed)
Athersclerosis
Where do AAAs usually occur?
just above iliac arteries, below the renal arteries
What are the three types of aortic dissection?
Whole aorta involved (DeBakey I)
From aortic valve to arch (DeBakey II)
From aortic arch to illiac artery (Debakey III)
What cells are typically pathogenic in large vessal vasculitis?
Usually T cell mediated
