Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Unit 3 > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the blood vessel wall

A
  • t. intima (endothelium): loose CT + simple squamous epi.
  • t. media: smooth muscle (not cardiac), may have elastin
  • t. externa (adventitia) : fibrous CT with elastin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Arteries

A
  • distinguishing features: relatively small diameters (compared to veins), thick t. media, abundant elastin
  • function of arteries: carry blood away from the heart to H and B tissues (not always oxygenated)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Veins vs. Arteries

A
  • 1 systemic artery leaves the L ventricle vs. 3 systemic, major veins enter the R atrium
  • Large and medium size arteries –> deep locations vs. “superficial veins” underneath the skin
  • Several parallel veins take the place of a single larger vein (“venous plexuses”)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Veins

A

• Distinguishing features: relatively large diameters, thin t. media, thick t. externa,
large veins have valves especially in legs
• Function of veins: carry blood from Head and Body tissues back to the heart (not always deoxygenated)
• At any moment at rest 50-70% of your blood is in your veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Capillaries

A
  • structure: endothelium (t. intima) only (keeps CVS closed)
  • function: exchange of substances with Head and Body tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Regions of the aorta (3)

A
  1. ascending: the 1st section, exits the LV
  2. arch: bends to the left and posteriorly
  3. descending: passes blood in an inferior direction
    – thoracic aorta: the descending aorta superior to the diaphragm
    – abdominal aorta: the descending aorta inferior to the diaphragm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 branches from the ascending aorta

A
    1. Coronary arteries: supply the myocardium
  • Rt. Coronary branches to the marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery
  • Lt. Coronary branches to the anterior interventricular a. and circumflex a.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cardiac veins

A
  • Drain capillaries of the myocardium
  • Supports the myocardium of the heart (not endo- or pericardium.
  • Endocardium uses the blood in the heart chambers
  • Pericardial aa. arise from other sources
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What the aortic arch supplies

A

the head, neck, upper limbs, and anterior chest wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What the brachiocephalic branches to

A

rt. subclavian a. and rt. common carotid a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lt. common carotid a.

A

Branches to internal and external carotid a.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lt subclavian a. passes under clavicle toward the left arm

A 
Branches to:
• vertebral a.
• thyrocervical a.
• costocervical a.
• internal thoracic a.
• axillary a.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Superior Vena Cavae

A
  • superior: formed by 2 brachiocephalic veins and azygos system of veins
  • brachiocephalic veins (2): formed by internal jugular and subclavian veins
  • (external jugular veins empty into the subclavian veins)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

From the thoracic aorta

A

• posterior intercostals arise from the thoracic aorta
– anterior intercostals arise from the internal thoracic a. or costal cervical a
• bronchial, esophageal, and superior phrenic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

From the abdominal aorta (abdominal region)

A
  • inferior phrenic arteries
  • celiac trunk; quickly branches to (3): hepatic, lt. gastric, splenic
  • other gastric arteries: lt. gastroepiploic a. and rt gastric
  • gonadal arteries either spermatic or ovarian a.
  • inferior mesenteric artery other areas of the colon not supplied by the superior mesenteric a.
  • lumbar arteries muscles and spinal cord of lumbar region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Suprarenal arteries

A

Supply the adrenal (suprarenal) glands

17
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A

Supplies small intestines, pancreas, appendix, and many portions of the colon

18
Q

Branches from the abdominal aorta (pelvic region)

A
  • median sacral artery (middle sacral artery) supplies the sacrum and coccyx
  • common iliac arteries branches into external and internal branches supplies to lower extremities
19
Q

Examples of major portal systems of the body

A
  1. between the hypothalamus and pituitary
  2. in the kidneys (renal portal system)
  3. between the GI tract, spleen and the liver (hepatic portal system)
20
Q

Inferior vena cava receives blood from

A
  • R and L hepatic veins
  • R and L renal veins
  • R suprarenal (L drains into the renal vein)
  • R gonadal (L drains into the renal vein)
  • lumbar veins
  • common iliac veins
21
Q

Renal blood vessels (renal portal system)

A
  • The renal a. branches extensively between renal pyramids, then small lobules leading to afferent arterioles
  • Afferent arterioles lead directly to glomeruli
22
Q

Glomerular capillaries

A

• Emerge into efferent arterioles
• Efferent arterioles lead to a second network of capillaries known as
peritubular capillaries
– absorb fluids that have been modified by the nephron
• Both types of capillary beds return this fluid to the general circulation by remerging into “interlobular” veins

23
Q

Vasa recta

A

The portion of peritubular capillaries deepest in the medulla

24
Q

Vascular anastomoses

A
  • Interconnections between blood vessels without capillaries
  • 2 parallel arteries or veins (collaterols)
  • arteriovenous
25
Q

Fetal Circulation

A
  • the significance of fetal vs adult circulation is
  • the fetal vs adult source of oxygen
  • differences are the result of differences in the environment
  • all major blood vessels are in place by the 3rd month of development & flowing in the same direction
26
Q

2 major differences of fetal circulation

A
  1. fetus supplies blood to placenta

2. fetal respiratory organ is in the placenta and fetus does not breathe

27
Q

Umbilical vessels

A
  • Paired U. arteries (arise from internal iliac a. in pelvis) carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus –> placenta
  • Unpaired U. vein carry oxygenated blood into the ductus venosus
  • Ductus venosus (shunt) -connected to an intricate network of veins in the fetal liver
28
Q

Shunts away from the pulmonary circuit

A
  • foramen ovale- an opening between the atria to shunt blood from L-R; a valve
  • ductus arteriosus- a shunt between the pulmonary trunk and aorta (prevent overload on the immature lungs)
29
Q

Summary of fetal circulation

A

All returning blood to the fetus proceeds to hepatic veins, inferior vena cava and right atrium
• Postnatal

30
Q

Umbilical vein —>

A

Ligamentum teres

31
Q

Ductus Venosus (shunt) –>

A

Ligamentum venosum

32
Q

U. arteries –>

A

Medial U. ligaments

33
Q

Foramen ovale & Ductus arteriosus –>

A

Constrict and close when newborn takes its 1st breath (3 months to completely close)
• Become fossa ovalis and ligamentum arteriosum respectively

Unit 3 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions