Blood vessels

Question 1

Layers of Blood vessels

Answer 1

Intima(EC),dense elastic lamina(IEL),Media: SMC+ECM,loose CT,EEL,adventitia
vasa vasorum: outer half to two thirds

Question 2

large elastic arteries

Answer 2

aorta, arch vessels, iliac,pilmonary)Elastic fibres and smooth muscles alternate with each other throughout the systole

Question 3

medium sized muscular arteries

Answer 3

media has SMC(renal,coronary), vasoconstriction and relaxation by ANS

Question 4

small arteries(<2mm)

Answer 4

only SMC

capillaries have 7-8 um

Question 5

veins,lymphatics

Answer 5

large diameter,large capacitance,large lumina with thin walls.
thin walled channels lined by endothelium that drain lymph and are joined by the channel via thoracic lymphatuc duct

Question 6

when do EC open

Answer 6

vacuolar transcytosis, inflammatory process,fenestration in hepatocytes,kidney and brakn

Question 7

Endothelial activation

Answer 7

EC respond to stimuli by modulating their normal constititive function and expressing new properties like shape changes,express adhesion molecule,chemokine,cytokine production etc

Question 8

Berry aneurysms

Answer 8

Thin walled arterial outpouching of the cerebral vessels at branch points around the circle of Willis. Causes bursting and intracerebral hemorrhage

Question 9

AV fistulas

Answer 9

Abnormal connection without any capillary beds bw them
Rupture of aneurysm into adjacent veins
Inflammation and necrosis into adjacent vessels
High output cardiac failure

Question 10

Fibromuscular dysplasia

Answer 10

Focal irregular thickening of the walls of med and large sized muscular arteries due to a combination of medial and intimal hyperplasia and fibrosis. Occurs in young women.