Blood Vessels 1 Flashcards
1
Q
cardiovascular system
A
- heart and blood vessels
- pulmonary and systemic circuits
- pulmonary under lower BP
2
Q
lymphatic vascular system
A
-lymph moves in one direction without a pump
3
Q
functions of BV
A
- allow gas exchange
- carry nutrients
- carry metabolic wastes
- carry hormones and signaling substances
- maintain tissue fluid
4
Q
blood pressure and flow
A
- pressure high in arteries and decreases
- perm low until caps
- elastic substance high then low then high
- muscle until caps then none until veins
- total area highest in caps
5
Q
blood vessel
A
- tunica intima
- endothelium
- internal elastic lamina
- tunica media
- tunica advetitia
6
Q
tunica intima
A
- endothelium
- BM
- subendo layer of loose CT
- internal elastic lamina
- permeable or semipermeable barrier
7
Q
tunica media
A
- smooth muscle
- variable amounts of elastic fibers and lamellae
- reticular fibers
- proteoglycans
- might be external elastic lamina
- controls diameter and blood pressure and movement
8
Q
tunica adventitia
A
- fibroblasts
- longitudinal collagen and elastic fibers
- may have vasa vasorum
- physical support, attaches vessels to tissue, and carries vessels and nerves
9
Q
endocardium
A
- homologous to intima
- lines atria and ventricles
- endothelium and subendo layer of CT
10
Q
myocardium
A
- tunica media homologous
- thickest layer of the heart wall and composed to cardiac muscle that is thicker in the ventricles
11
Q
epicardium
A
- homologous to adventitia
- surface of heart
- anatomically defined as the visceral layer of the pericardium
- mesothelium and subepicardial layer of loose CT with nerves, adipose, and coronary blood vessels
12
Q
elastic artery
A
- aorta and main branches, pulm
- systole distends the elastic arteries and they recoil and contract during diastole-uniform flow and pressure
- intima-150 microns (1/6th), scattered smooth muscles in sub endo layer, IEL-hard to find
- endo cells have Weibl-Palade bodies that are membrane bound inclusions with von willebrand factor
- media-2 mm thick and 40-70 layers of fenestrated elastic lamellae with smooth muscle cells interspersed between. thin external elastic lamina and vaso vasorum of adventitia penetrates outer 1/3-1/2
- adventitia-relatively thin with nerve fibers, lymphatics, and vasa vasorum in loose CT
13
Q
mixed musculo-elastic arteries
A
- parts of terminal abd aorta, iliac arteries, external carotids, axillary arteries
- transitional segments between large and medium arteries
- intermediate characteristics
- tunica media and adventitia are about the same thickness
- media has fewer elastic lamellae and there is a more obvious internal elastic membrane
14
Q
medium muscular arteries
A
- most named arteries-coronary, renal, mesenteric, brachial femoral
- distribute blood to tissues and organs regulated by ANS control of media
- intima- relatively thin with a prominent IEL that undulates
- media-relatively thick and is composed of many concentric layers of smooth muscle cells bounded in larger muscular arteries by an EEL that gets thinner and disappears in smaller diameter specimens
- adventitia-may be as thick as media, vasa vasorum and lymphatics poorly developed
15
Q
arterioles
A
- 100 microns or less
- invisible to naked eye
- function to maintain normal BP in arterial system and to reduce the pressure of blood entering caps
- intima-thin subendo layer of reticular fibers and the internal elastic membrane is absent in smallest
- media-1-5 (<3) layers of smooth muscle
- adventitia is moderate to scant
- terminal segment before a cap bed forms a metarteriole or precap sphincter that regulates flow into cap
