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Blood Vessels/Blood Pressure > Blood Vessel > Flashcards

Blood Vessel Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of Blood vessels?

A
  • Arteries and arterioles
  • Capillaries
  • Veins and Venules
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2
Q

Blood vessel walls consist of 3 layers. What are the three layers called?

A
  • Tunica initima
  • Tunica media
  • Tunica externa
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3
Q

Describe the tunica intima?

A
  • Inner layer
  • Lined by endothelium
  • It has a smooth texture to reduce friction
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4
Q

Describe the tunica media?

A
  • Composed of smooth muscle and elastic fibres

- Circular smooth muscles vasodilates and vasoconstricts to change the diameter of the vessels

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5
Q

Describe the tunica externa?

A
  • It has a network of collagen fibres to protect and reinforce the vessels and anchor it to surrounding structures
  • It has nerve fibres and elastic fibres in larger vessels
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6
Q

Describe muscular arteries?

A
  • They carry blood to the furthest destination from the heart
  • They have a thicker wall made from smooth muscles
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7
Q

Describe elastic Arteries?

A
  • Nearest to the heart
  • They have a larger lumen= low resistance to blood flow
  • They can stretch and recoil without causing damage to accommodate for high pressure
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8
Q

Describe arterioles

A
  • They deliver blood to capillaries

- They are the major influencer of peripheral resistance

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9
Q

Describe capillaries

A
  • They carry blood from arterioles to venules
  • They have very thin walls so they are ideal for diffusion
  • They are microscopic vessels
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10
Q

Describe Venules

A
  • Capillaries unite to form venules
  • They transport blood to veins
  • Walls consist of endothelial cells and a few smooth muscles
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11
Q

Describe Veins

A
  • They act as blood reservoirs which can be drawn on when BP drops
  • Contain one way valves
  • Contraction of skeletal muscles assists in the flow of blood in veins
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12
Q

What is the arterial pathway-systemic?

A
  • LV pumps blood into ascending aorta
  • Flows to arteries
  • Then arterioles
  • Then capillaries
  • To various tissues and organs of the body
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13
Q

What is the venous pathway-systemic

A
  • Blood flows out of organ via venules
  • Venules to veins
  • Brain to inferior vena cava and superior vena cava
  • Blood return to right ventricle
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14
Q

During pulmonary circulation do veins and venules carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood to the heart?

A

Oxygenated

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15
Q

During pulmonary circulation do arteries and arterioles carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

A

Deoxygenated

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16
Q

During systemic circulation do arteries and arterioles carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

Oxygenated

17
Q

During systemic circulation do veins and venules carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?

A

Deoxygenated

18
Q

Describe peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)

A

The opposition to blood flow caused by friction between blood and the vessel wall

19
Q

Where is the most PVR encountered?

A

Most resistance is encountered in arterioles & capillaries in the peripheries

20
Q

Why is peripheral resistance in arterioles important?

A

It helps to determine arterial blood pressure

21
Q

What are the three arteries that branches off the aortic arch to supply the neck, upper limbs and part of the thorax wall?

A
  • Brachiocephalic
  • Left comman carotid
  • Left subclavian
22
Q

What are the arteries that supply the upper limbs?

A
  • Brachial artery
  • Radial arterial
  • Ulna artery
23
Q

List the carotid arteries

A
  • External carotid
  • Internal carotid
  • Temporal artery
24
Q

What does the External carotid supply?

A

Supplies tissues of head

25
Q

What does the Internal carotid supply?

A

Supplies brain & eye

26
Q

What is the temporal artery sometimes used for?

A

Taking temperature

27
Q

List the lower limbs arteries

A
  • Popliteal artery (supplies the knee)
  • Posterior tibial (supplies lower leg muscles)
  • Dorsalis pedis ( supplies ankle and dorsum of foot)
28
Q

List the major veins

A
  • External jugular
  • Internal jugular
  • Superior vena cava
  • Inferior vena cava
  • Femoral
  • Saphenous
29
Q

What are the lower limb veins?

A
  • Femoral vein

- Great saphenous vein

30
Q

Where are blood tests taken?

A

•Blood tests are taken in the antecubital fossa.

Blood Vessels/Blood Pressure (2 decks)

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