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Blood Vessels/Blood Pressure > Blood pressure and cardiac output > Flashcards

Blood pressure and cardiac output Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

Blood Pressure is the force blood exerts on the artery wall

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2
Q

What are the functions of blood pressure?

A
  • Blood pressure pushes blood though blood vessel
  • Filtration of blood in the kidneys
  • Drives capillary exchange between blood and cells
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3
Q

Vessel diameter is the most importance influencer of what?

A

BP

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4
Q

What factors influence blood pressure?

A
  • Peripheral resistance
  • Blood vessel diameter
  • Blood viscosity
  • Blood vessel length
  • Cardiac output
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5
Q

What is blood viscosity?

A

The thickness of blood

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6
Q

What does increased blood viscosity increase?

A

Increased BP

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7
Q

What other factors can cause increased BP?

A

Dehydration or increased haematocrit

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8
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood pumped out by a ventricle in one minute.

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9
Q

What is the equation to work out CO?

A

CO=SV x HR

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10
Q

What factors affect stroke volume?

A
  • Preload
  • Afterload
  • Contractility
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11
Q

What is preload?

A

The amount of blood in the ventricle before it contracts, also knows as end diastolic volume

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12
Q

What is afterload?

A
  • The resistance that ventricles must

overcome to circulate blood

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13
Q

What is contractility?

A
  • How strongly the ventricle can contract
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14
Q

Describe the cardiac centre?

A

The cardiac centre in the medulla oblongata controls the rate and force of the heart contraction

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15
Q

Describe the vasomotor centre?

A

The vasomotor centre in the medulla oblongata controls the diameter of blood vessels

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16
Q

What are baroreceptors?

A

Baroreceptors are pressure receptors that respond rapidly to maintain homeostasis during short-term or acute changes in the blood pressure.

17
Q

Where are the baroreceptors found?

A
  • Carotid arteries

- Aortic arch

18
Q

What is the role of adrenaline and noradrenaline?

A

These are hormones which enhance the response of the sympathetic nervous system.

19
Q

How does adrenaline and noradrenaline raise BP?

A
  • increasing heart rate and force of contraction
  • constricting many arterioles
  • increasing venous pressure
20
Q

How do the kidneys control BP?

A

The kidneys control blood
volume by increasing urine
output when blood volume is high

21
Q

Describe some age related changes to Blood pressure and cardiac output

A
  • Decreased compliance of the aorta
  • Loss of cardiac muscles size and strength
  • Increased systolic BP
  • Increased in total blood cholesterol
22
Q

What are three factors that can affect blood pressure?

A

vessel length, viscosity and vessel diameter

Blood Vessels/Blood Pressure (2 decks)

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