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Hematology 2 > Blood Vasculature, Megakaryocytes, Platelets > Flashcards

Blood Vasculature, Megakaryocytes, Platelets Flashcards

1
Q

The maintenance of circulatory hemostasis is achieved through process of balancing? 2)

A

Bleeding (hemorrhage) and clotting (thrombosis)

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2
Q

What are the 4 components of hemostasis?

A

Vascular system
Platelets
Blood coagulation factor
Fibrinolytic component

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3
Q

What are the processes involved in hemostasis following injury to a small blood vessel (5)

A

Blood vessel SPASM
Formation of PLATELET PLUG
CONTACT among damaged blood vessels, blood platelet, and coagulation proteins
DEVELOPMENT OF BLOOD CLOT around injury
FIBRINOLYTIC REMOVAL of excess hemostatic material to reestablish vascular integrity

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4
Q

This includes all the blood vessels that EXIST OUTSIDE the heart

A

Blood vasculature

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5
Q

This transports NUTRIENTS TO organs/tissues and transports WASTE AWAY from organ/tissues in the blood

A

Blood vessels

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6
Q

Blood vessels includes (3)

A

Arteries and arterioles
Veins and venules
Capillaries

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7
Q

They bring OXYGEN-RICH blood and nutrients AWAY from the heart to the tissues and organs

A

Arteries and arterioles

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8
Q

They play a major role in NOURISHING ORGANS WITH BLOOD AND NUTRIENTS

A

Arteries and arterioles

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9
Q

They are DEOXYGENATED blood BACK TO THE HEART and start again in superior vena cava for reoxygenation

A

Veins and venules

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10
Q

A blood vessel that is ALWAYS UNDER HIGH PRESSURE

A

Arteries

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11
Q

Arteries has abundant elastic tissue and less smooth muscle to withstand pressure

A

True

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12
Q

Presence of this protein in the large blood vessels enables vessels to INCREASE IN SIZE AND ALTER THEIR DIAMETER

A

Elastin

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13
Q

A blood vessel that is SMALLER THAN ARTERIES but BIGGER THAN CAPILLARIES

A

Arterioles

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14
Q

It connects arteries and capillaries

A

Arterioles

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15
Q

A thin-walled blood vessel that is less elastic

A

Veins

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16
Q

A blood vessel with LOW PRESSURE

A

Veins

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17
Q

A blood vessel that can accommodate a LARGE VOLUME of blood

A

Veins

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18
Q

A component inside the veins that allow for blood flow toward the heart in a forward direction

A

One-way valves

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19
Q

How many of the circulating blood volume is contained in the venous system?

A

3/4

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20
Q

Venous blood vessels that is ANALOGOUS IN SIZE WITH ARTERIOLES

A

Venules

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21
Q

It connects veins and capillaries

A

Venules

22
Q

TINY blood vessels containing STRUCTURES THAT CONNECT ARTERIOLES TO VENULES

A

Capillaries

23
Q

These are the SMALLEST and MOST ABUNDANT FORM OF BLOOD VESSELS in the body

A

Capillaries

24
Q

A blood vessel that allows GAS EXCHANGE, NUTRIENT TRANSFER, and WASTER REMOVAL BETWEEN BLOOD AND TISSUE FLUIDS

A

Capillaries

25
Q

What are the three layers of blood vessels?

A

Vascular INTIMA
Vascular MEDIA
Vascular ADVENTITIA

26
Q

The inner layer of the blood vessels

A

Vascular intima

27
Q

The middle layer of the blood vessels

A

Vascular media

28
Q

The outer layer of the blood vessels

A

Vascular adventitia

29
Q

The layer of the blood vessels where blood flows

A

Vascular intima

30
Q

This provides INTERFACE BETWEEN CIRCULATING BLOOD and BODY TISSUES

A

Vascular intima

31
Q

INNERMOST lining of blood vessels which is a monolayer of metabolically active endothelial cells

A

Vascular intima

32
Q

SINGLE layer of SQUAMOUS epithelial cells that LINE the INTERIOR SURFACE of BLOOD AND LYMPHATIC VESSELS

A

Endothelium

33
Q

It RELEASES SUBSTANCES that control vascular relaxation and contraction and PRODUCE ENZYMES that control blood clotting, immune functions, and platelet adhesion

A

Endothelium

34
Q

Small proteins PRODUCED BY ENDOTHELIAL CELLS in a variety of tissues where they ACT AS MODULATORS OF VASOMOTOR TONE, CELL PROLIFERATION, and HORMONE PRODUCTION

A

Endothelins

35
Q

Enumerate the 3 members of the endothelin family

A

Endothelin-1
Endothelin-2
Endothelin-3

36
Q

The only endothelin family member PRODUCED IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and also produced in vascular smooth muscle cells

A

Endothelin-1

37
Q

PRODUCED predominantly WITHIN KIDNEY AND INTESTINE with smaller amounts produced in myocardium, placenta, and uterus

A

Endothelin-2

38
Q

Found in HIGH CONCENTRATIONS IN THE BRAIN and may regulate important functions such as PROLIFERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN NEURONS AND ASTROCYTES. Also found throughout GI tract, lung, and kidney

A

Endothelin-3

39
Q

Endothelins function is based on their location but generally ACTS AS MODULATORS of blood vessel tone which contributed to the integrity of blood vessel

A

True

40
Q

What are the PROPERTIES of the VASCULAR INTIMA that INITIATE AND REGULATE HEMOSTASIS AND FIBRINOLYSIS

A

Anticoagulant property
Procoagulant property
Fibrinolytic property

41
Q

Enumerate the 4 anticoagulant property of the vascular intima

A

Prostacyclin
Nitric oxide
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)
Thrombomodulin

42
Q

Inhibits platelet activation

A

Anticoagulant property

43
Q

PLATELET INHIBITOR and VASODILATOR ; synthesized through the EICOSANOID PATHWAY and PREVENTS UNNECESSARY OR UNDESIRABLE PLATELET ACTIVATION IN INTACT VESSELS

A

Prostacyclin

44
Q

Synthesized in ECs, vascular smooth muscle cells, neutrophils, and macrophages ; INDUCES SMOOTH MUSCLE RELAXATION AND SUBSEQUENT VASODILATION ; INHIBITS PLATELET ACTIVATION and promotes angiogenesis and healthy arterioles

A

Nitric oxide

45
Q

CONTROLS ACTIVATION OF THE TISSUE FACTOR PATHWAY ; aka EXTRINSIC COAGULATION PATHWAY

A

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor

46
Q

A known INHIBITOR OF THROMBIN FORMATION and a factor in coagulation pathway

A

Thrombomodulin

47
Q

Vascular intima has procoagulant property because it is capable of secreting ________________.

A

von Willebrand factor

48
Q

Enumerate the procoagulant property of the vascular intima

A

Vasoconstriction
Collagen binding and platelet activation
Secretion of von Willebrand factor
Acts as the necessary bridge that binds platelets to exposed subendothelial collagen
Exposes tissue factor and activate coagulation system

49
Q

Refers to the ABILITY of the vascular intima or ECs TO REMOVE/DISSOLVE CLOT

A

Fibrinolytic property

50
Q

Fibrinolytic property of vascular intima

A

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

51
Q

This ACTIVATES FIBRINOLYSIS by converting PLASMINOGEN TO PLASMIN which gradually digests fibrin and restores blood flow

A

Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)

Hematology 2 (2 decks)

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