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Gwen - Haematology > Blood Transfusions - Risks associated with transfusion > Flashcards

Blood Transfusions - Risks associated with transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Main classifications of blood transfuision reaction

A
  • immunological: acute haemolytic, non-haemolytic febrile, allergic/anaphylaxis
  • infective
  • transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
  • fluid overload
  • other: hyperkalaemia, iron overload, clotting
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2
Q

What side effects are there to transfusion?

A
  • Immunological
    • ​Acute haemolytic
    • Non hamolytic
    • Allergic/anaphylaxis
  • Infection
  • TRALI
  • Fluid overload
  • Other
    • ​Hypercalcaemia
    • Iron overload
    • Clotting
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3
Q

What are possible causes of a pyrexia (on it’s own)?

A
  • Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction - FNHTR
  • Transfusion associated Septicaemia (septic shock) - TAS
  • IBCT
  • Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)
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4
Q

How would you treat an isolated pyrexia in someone having a tranfusion?

A
  • Anti-pyretic
  • Monitor for other signs
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5
Q

What are possible causes of urticaria in someone having a blood transfusion?

A
  • Mild allergic reaction
  • Anaphylaxis
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6
Q

How would you manage someone recieving blood transfusion with isolated urticaria?

A
  • Anti-histamine
  • Monitor for other signs - bronchospasm, shock
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7
Q

What are possible causes of dyspnoea in someone recieving a blood transfusion?

A
  • TACO
  • TRALI
  • Anaphylaxis
  • TAS
  • IBCT
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8
Q

Signs of taco

A

Increased BP, increased JVP

Pulmonary oedema on CXR

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9
Q

How would you manage someone experiencing a TACO?

A
  • O2
  • Diuretics
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10
Q

How would you manage someone with a TRALI?

A

Comes on within 6 hours

  • O2
  • Ventilation
  • CXR - white out
  • Transfer to ITU
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11
Q

How would you manage someone experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to blood components?

A
  • O2
  • IM adrenaline
  • Antihistamines
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12
Q

What are causes of shock in someone recieving blood products?

A
  • IBCT
  • Anaphylaxis
  • TRALI
  • TAS
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13
Q

What are features of a mild transfusion reaction?

A
  • Fever
  • Urticaria
  • Rash
  • Pruritis
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14
Q

What are features of moderate/severe transfusion reactions?

A
  • Fever +/- rigors
  • Dyspnoea
  • Anxiety
  • Tachycardia
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15
Q

What is an acute haemolytic transfusion reaction?

A

Mismatch of blood group whcih causes massive intraveascular haemolysis

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16
Q

Symptoms of acute haemolytis?

A

Fever, abdo pain, hcest pain, hypotension

17
Q

Management of acute haemolytic reaction

A

Stop trasnfusion, fluid resusitation, inform lab

18
Q

Urticaria more common in what transfusion?

A

FFP

Gwen - Haematology (33 decks)

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