Blood Transfusions - Risks associated with transfusion Flashcards
Main classifications of blood transfuision reaction
- immunological: acute haemolytic, non-haemolytic febrile, allergic/anaphylaxis
- infective
- transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
- fluid overload
- other: hyperkalaemia, iron overload, clotting
What side effects are there to transfusion?
-
Immunological
- Acute haemolytic
- Non hamolytic
- Allergic/anaphylaxis
- Infection
- TRALI
- Fluid overload
-
Other
- Hypercalcaemia
- Iron overload
- Clotting
What are possible causes of a pyrexia (on it’s own)?
- Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction - FNHTR
- Transfusion associated Septicaemia (septic shock) - TAS
- IBCT
- Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI)
How would you treat an isolated pyrexia in someone having a tranfusion?
- Anti-pyretic
- Monitor for other signs
What are possible causes of urticaria in someone having a blood transfusion?
- Mild allergic reaction
- Anaphylaxis
How would you manage someone recieving blood transfusion with isolated urticaria?
- Anti-histamine
- Monitor for other signs - bronchospasm, shock
What are possible causes of dyspnoea in someone recieving a blood transfusion?
- TACO
- TRALI
- Anaphylaxis
- TAS
- IBCT
Signs of taco
Increased BP, increased JVP
Pulmonary oedema on CXR
How would you manage someone experiencing a TACO?
- O2
- Diuretics
How would you manage someone with a TRALI?
Comes on within 6 hours
- O2
- Ventilation
- CXR - white out
- Transfer to ITU
How would you manage someone experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to blood components?
- O2
- IM adrenaline
- Antihistamines
What are causes of shock in someone recieving blood products?
- IBCT
- Anaphylaxis
- TRALI
- TAS
What are features of a mild transfusion reaction?
- Fever
- Urticaria
- Rash
- Pruritis
What are features of moderate/severe transfusion reactions?
- Fever +/- rigors
- Dyspnoea
- Anxiety
- Tachycardia
What is an acute haemolytic transfusion reaction?
Mismatch of blood group whcih causes massive intraveascular haemolysis
Symptoms of acute haemolytis?
Fever, abdo pain, hcest pain, hypotension
Management of acute haemolytic reaction
Stop trasnfusion, fluid resusitation, inform lab
Urticaria more common in what transfusion?
FFP
