Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Case 8 > Blood Transfusion > Flashcards

Blood Transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three blood components are prescribed?

A
  • Red cells
  • Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
  • Platelets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List what can blood be tested for?

A
  • HIV
  • Hep B
  • Hep C
  • Syphilis
  • ABO + RhD
  • Red cell antibodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe how red cell bags are obtained?

A
  • Blood filtered to remove leukocytes and then processed into red blood cells
  • Red cells stored for 35 days at 4 degrees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the process of obtaining platelets

A

Either
1. Filtered to remove leukocytes and platelet isolation

Or

  1. Platelet pheresis (blood taken, platelets removed, blood put back in donor)
  2. Platelets stored at room temperature for 5 days. RT as platelets lose their function at lower temps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the process of obtaining FFP

A
  • blood is filtered to remove leukocytes
  • FFP is isolated
  • Stored at 24 months at -30 degrees
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the time limit to give red blood cell transfusions after taken out of storage?

A

4 hours

If blood is re-banked, this can only be done within 30 mins after the bag has been used otherwise the bag must be binned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is irradiation of Red cell blood?

A

passenger lymphocytes in the red blood bag are killed = prevents immune response from donor blood.

  • used in immunosuppressed patients to prevent Graft versus Host disease

Needed for:

  • BM transplants
  • Hodgkin’s disease
  • Severe combined immunodeficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is CMW negative in red cell blood?

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an infection that most people have likely had and not noticed (and have antibodies to)

But some patients may be immune compromised and do not have CMV antibodies.

Therefore, blood is made sure that it does not contain any CMV infection as it could cause serious morbidity.

Used for:
- intro-uterine transfusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Uses of RBCs

A
  • raise oxygen carrying capacity (increases Hb)
  • reduces hypoxia and anaemia
  • acute/chronic anaemia
  • Perioperative blood loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is FFP used for?

A
  • Replace single clotting factors
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation
  • Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Mainly used for massive blood transfusion (emergencies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 types of FFP?

A
  1. Standard FFP
  2. Solvent-detergent plasma
  3. Cryoprecipitate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is standard FFP?

A

Normal FFP containing coagulation factors etc. However, blood type has to match as there could be some trace RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is solvent-detergent plasma FFP?

A

Where blood is ‘cleaned’ so it is free of any viruses etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is cryoprecipitate FFP?

A

FFP thawed at 1-6 degrees and precipitated via centrifuge.

Contains a higher amount of clotting factors, notably fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are platelets used for?

A
  • Thrombocytopenia

- Platelet function defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two methods in which platelet bags are produced?

A
  1. Most pooled from 4 donors

2. Apheresis - obtained from one patient. Platelets taken out and blood put back in

17
Q

What are the differences between blood groups A, B, AB and O?

A

Different antigens are present.
- A and B antigens are produced from a precursor called H antigen

A transferase turns H into A antigen
B transferase turns H into B antigen

A - A antigen only
B - B antigen only
AB - Both A and B antigens
O - neither antigen

18
Q

What molecule is the A antigen?

A

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

19
Q

What molecule is the B antigen?

A

D-galactose

20
Q

What is haemolytic disease of the newborn?

A

Where the baby is Rhesus positive and the mother is rhesus negative, of the foetal circulation is exposed to the mothers, the mother will make antibodies towards the rhesus antigen —> attacks foetal RBCs

21
Q

When is anti-D given?

A
  • after any potential sensitising event
  • 28 weeks
  • 34 weeks
  • within 72 hours of childbirth
22
Q

What does anti-D do?

A

If a sensitising event has occurred, anti-D injections will seek down and destroy the foetal rhesus positive cells in the mother’s bloodstream before mum can make antibodies towards rhesus D antigen

23
Q

What is TACO?

A

Transfusion associated circulatory overload - too much transfusion

Risks

  • chronic anaemia
  • elderly
  • small
24
Q

What is TRALI?

A

Transfusion related acute lung injury

FFP can contain antibodies that activate neutrophils in the patient. If patient has pneumonia, the neutrophils are activated and cause acute degranulation (bad)

25
Q

Why are males used for FFP instead of females?

A

Female donors are more likely to be sensitised during pregnancy and are likely to have more antibodies that can activate neutrophils

Case 8 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions