Blood transfusion

Question 1

Transfusion reactions

Answer 1

1. Acute hemolytic reaction
2. Anaphylaxis
3. Bacterial contamination
4. Allergic reaction

Question 2

Acute hemolytic reaction

Answer 2

Cause: ABO incompatibility
Sympt: Increased temperature, decreased BP, flushing, abdominal/chest pain, DIC
Dx: FBC, U&E, clotting, cultures, urine (hemoglobinuria)
Tx: 0.9% saline, stop transfusion, DIC tx: Replace platelets, cryoprecipitate to replace fibrinogen, Fresh Frozen Plasma to replace coagulation factors

Question 3

Anaphylaxis

Answer 3

Symptoms: Bronchospasm, cyanosis, decreased BP, soft tissue swelling
Tx: stop transfusion, maintain airway, give O2
Epinephrine

Question 4

Massive blood transfusion

Answer 4

Replacement of an individuals entire blood volume > 10U within 24h

Question 5

Blood transfusion therapy

Answer 5

1. Packed RBC - increased Hb and O2 capacity - acute blood loss, severe anemia
2. Platelets - increase platelet count - stop significant bleeding (thrombocytopenia)
3. Fresh frozen plasma - increase coagulation factor levels, contains all coagulation factors and plasma proteins - DIC, cirrhosis
4. Cryoprecipitate - contains fibrinogen, vWF - coagulation factor deficiencies involving fibrinogen and factor VIII

Question 6

Transfusion RBC

Answer 6

Transfer blood of blood components from donor to recipient
RBC:
Type 0 = universal DONOR
Type AB = universal RECEIVER

Question 7

Transfusion plasma

Answer 7

Type AB blood is universal DONOR of plasma, lack any antibodies to both A and B

Question 8

Cryoprecipitate

Answer 8

Fibrinogen deficiency and DIC

Question 9

Direct Coombs test = antiglobulin test

Answer 9

Ab on RBC detection - autoimmune hemolytic anemia - cold and warm

Question 10

Indirect Coombs test = Ab in blood

Answer 10

Prenatal testing of pregnant women