Blood Transfusion

Question 1

what is blood made up of ?

Answer 1

plasma
platlet
red blood cell
white blood cell

Question 2

a person with this blood type will have A antigens on surface of the RBCs and B antibodies in the blood plasma.

Answer 2

Blood Type A

Question 3

a person with this blood type will have B antigens on surface of the RBCs and A antibodies in the blood plasma.

Answer 3

Blood Type B

Question 4

a person with this blood type will have both A and B antigens on surface of your RBCs and no A or B antibodies at all in the blood plasma.

Answer 4

Blood Type AB

Question 5

a person with this blood type will have neither A or B antigens on surface of the RBCs but have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma.

Answer 5

Blood Type O

Question 6

For a blood transfusion to be _______, ABO and Rh groups have to be compatible between donor blood and patient blood. (if they are not, red blood cells from donated blood will clump or agglutinate.

Answer 6

successful

Question 7

What are the effects of agglutinated blood cells?

Answer 7

can clog blood vessels, and stop circulation of blood to various parts of the body

• cells also crack and its content leak in to the body
• contains hemoglobin which can be toxic outside of the cell
• can result in fatal consequences for the patient

Question 8

patient receives blood type for which they have antibodies. agglutinins that precipitate transfusion reaction can develop simultaneously

Answer 8

ABO incompatible transfusion reactions

Question 9

major histocompatibility (condition in which the tissue of donor is compatible with that of the recipient) antigen
-patients receiving blood from multiple donors have develop a fever

Answer 9

Human Leukocyte Antigen

Question 10

-Contains all blood components (RBCs, WBCs, platelets, and plasma components)
-Each unit of RBC (or whole blood) is expected to raise Hb by 1 g/dl or the Hct by 3 percent in stable, non*bleed, average-sized adults.
-Used in acute hemorrhage and severe hypovolemia
Must be ABO identical
- 1 unit = 500 mL

Answer 10

whole blood

Question 11

• Same quantity of RBCs, have 80% of plasma removed
• Used in anemia and heart failure
• Increases oxygen-carrying capacity
• Restores blood volume
• May have anticoagulant-preservative additive that gives RBCs longer shelf-life

Answer 11

PRBCs - leukocytes removed

Question 12

• Serum portion of blood used as a volume expander, ( ex. replaces plasma proteins lost from burns)
• Used to treat coagulation deficiencies

Answer 12

Fresh-Frozen Plasma

Question 13

• used for hemophilia or other coagulation deficiencies

- must be transfused within 4 hrs of thawing

Answer 13

Cryoprecipitate

Question 14

• Leukocytes (basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils) that destroy invading organisms by process of phagocytosis
• Used to treat patients with neutropenia who have infections documented by culture or severe infections not responsive to antibiotics

Answer 14

Granulocytes

Question 15

-Fractionation of pooled plasma, 96 % albumin and 4 % globulins and other proteins
-ABO compatibility not consideration for administration
-Indicated for fluid volume expansion to correct shock associate with burns, hemorrhage, surgical losses, and trauma
500 ml infused as rapidly as pt can tolerate – repeated at 30 minute intervals, depending on response

Answer 15

Albumin

Question 16

• Contains 83% albumin, 17% globulins – not as pure as albumin, having higher concentration of other plasma proteins
• Used to treat shock related to fluid volume depletion

Answer 16

Plasma Protein Fraction

Question 17

• Research and development ongoing

- PolyHeme

Answer 17

Synthetic blood substitutes

Question 18

-Caused by allergens in donated blood
-Allergic reaction occur in 1-2% of all transfusions.
symptoms are urticaria and itch within minutes of transfusion.
-symptoms usually subside if transfusion is slowed and antihistamine is given.
-transfusion may be continued if there is no progression after 20-30 min

Answer 18

allergic reaction to transfusion
(severe anxiety and decreased BP)
(facial flushing, hives and rash)

Question 19

• Occurs during phlebotomy, component preparation, blood thawing
• s/s – abd cramping, vomiting, chills, diarrhea, fever
• Stop transfusion

Answer 19

Bacterial contamination of a transfusion

Question 20

• Chest tightness chills, cough, facial flushing, fever, flank pain, H/A, increased pulse, palpitations
• Stop infusion

Answer 20

febrile transfusion reactions of a transfusion

Question 21

Blood oozing at infusion site, burning along vein, chest pain, chills, dyspnea, facial flushing, fever, flank pain, hypotension, oliguria, shock, signs of renal failure

Answer 21

Hemolytic transfusion reactions

Question 22

• Abdominal pain, chills, diarrhea, dyspnea, fever, flushing, hypotension
• Stop the infusion

Answer 22

Plasma Protein Incompatibility transfusion reactions

Question 23

when administering multiple units of blood, use blood warmer to avoid ______

Answer 23

hypothermia