Blood Transfusion Flashcards
blood transfusion is the?
introduction of whole blood or components of blood, such as plasma, serum, erythrocytes
purposes of blood transfusion
- To restore increase circulating blood volume after surgery and trauma
- To restore and increase the red blood cell level after severe and chronic anemias
and to maintain blood hemoglobin levels such as leukemia. - To provide selected cellular components as replacement therapy such as clotting factors, platelets and albumin.
Types of Blood
Whole Blood
Red Blood Cells
Plasma
Platelets
White Blood Cells
Plasma derivatives
Whole blood, contains ____________________________________________________________________ suspended in _______________.
red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets; plasma
_______________________ are prepared from whole blood by removing the plasma. Then RBCs can raise the client’s hematocrit and hemoglobin levels while minimizing an increase in volume. RBCs are available for transfusion as packed RBCs (PRBCs).
Red blood cells
Red blood cells are prepared from _________________ by removing the ___________. Then RBCs can raise the client’s _____________________ levels while minimizing an increase in _______________. RBCs are available for transfusion as _________________________________
whole blood; plasma; hematocrit and hemoglobin; volume; packed RBCs (PRBCs).
is the liquid portion of the blood.
Plasma
Plasma is the liquid portion of the blood. It is ______________ and constitutes specific products such as _______________________________________________________________
90% water; albumin, clotting factor concentrates, concentrated immunoglobulins.
___________________ help the clotting process by sticking to the lining of blood vessels. Units of platelets are prepared by using a centrifuge to separate the platelet rick plasma from the donated unit of whole blood. The platelet rick plasma is then centrifuged again to concentrate the platelets further. Platelets are used to treat client who have a short age of platelet or have abnormal platelet function.
Platelets
Platelets help the ____________________ by sticking to the _______________________. Units of platelets are prepared by using a _________________ to separate the ___________________________ from the __________________________________. The platelet rich plasma is then centrifuged again to concentrate the platelets further.
clotting process; lining of blood vessels; centrifuge; platelet rich plasma; donated unit of whole blood;
Platelets are used to treat client who have a
short age of platelet or have abnormal platelet function.
White blood cells, specifically ________________, can be collected by _______________________. They are transfused within __________________ after collection and are used for ________________________________. The effectiveness of white blood cell transfusion is still being investigated.
granulocytes; centrifugation of whole blood; 24 hours; infections that are unresponsive to antibiotic therapy
_____________________ are concentrates of specific plasma, proteins that are prepared from many units of plasma. Plasma derivatives include a variety of ___________________________________________
Plasma derivatives ; clotting factors, immune globulins, and albumins.
must be obtained before hanging the blood
Baseline vital signs
Initiate the transfusion with an __________________________ and begin infusing normal saline solution.
18-gauge or 20-gauge needle
causes the blood to hemolyze and precipitate.
D5W
Always use a _______________________ with a filter; do not use ____________________
standard blood transfusion set; straight IV tubing
Initiate transfusion (rate of approximately _________ml/hr) depending on client’s condition and remain with the client, ____________________ is the most critical time; the majority of the transfusion reaction occurs during administration of the ___________________
100; the first 10 to 15 minutes ; first 50 ml.
Blood deteriorates rapidly after about _____________ of exposure to room temperature
2 hours
a unit of blood should not hang longer than ______________
4 hours
Components (__________________) that contain few RBCs may be administered _____________
plasma, platelets; rapidly
Serious transfusion reactions generally occur within the first ___________________ of the infusion, the nurse usually remains with the client during this critical time.
5 to 15 minutes
Mismatch between donor and recipient blood groups
Incompatibility
signs and symptoms of incompatibility
Hypotension, rapid pulse rate, difficulty in breathing, back pain, and flushing
