Blood Transfusion Flashcards
What are two indications for blood transfusion?
- When one or more components must be replaced quickly. (RBCs, platelets, clotting factors)
- When the bone marrow cannot produce blood cells (RBCs, platelets).
What are antigens made of?
different combinations of sugars and proteins.
What 3 systems are used to classify blood?
- ABO system
- D system (rhesus)
- Irregular antigens.
What are the blood types of the ABO system?
- A: A1 (common) or A2 (20%, may have antigens to A1).
- B
- O
- AB: A1B or A2B (A2B can have anti-A1 antibodies).
When are irregular antigens identified?
In the cross matching stage.
What are two indications for blood transfusion?
- Blood LOSS (affects volume and oxygen).
- Specific PRODUCTION PROBLEMS (RBCs, platelets, plasma proteins)
Give 3 examples of plasma proteins.
- clotting factors
- albumin
- gamma globulins.
What is the function of gamma globulins?
give antibodies against pathogens
What symptoms may be seen if the blood transfusion is causing issues in the patient?
Rise in temperature and heart rate.
What is the 4 step process of blood transfusion?
- Sample taken from patient.
- Tested against known blood types (ABO system, rhesus, irregular antibodies not always detected).
- Patient sample tested against selected donated sample.
- Successfully matched blood given to patient, MONITOR for rise in temperature/ pulse rate.
What happens if blood from the patient is mismatched with contraindicated blood?
Agglutination (clumping together of the cells).
What is agglutination?
Indicates that the blood has reacted with a certain antibody and is therefore not compatible with blood containing that kind of antibody.
What blood group can donate to O?
Only O.
What blood group can donate to A?
O and A.
What blood group can donate to B?
O and B.
