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Y3 Revision > Blood Transfusion > Flashcards

Blood Transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

List the blood components that make up one donation of blood

A

Red cells
Platelets
White cells
Plasma

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2
Q

When is plasma deemed “fresh frozen plasma”?

A

If frozen within 8 hours of blood collection, containing the coagulation proteins in the same concn that was present in the patient’s blood

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3
Q

List some blood products that can be acquired from batches of blood via manufacturing

A

Albumin
Immunoglobulin
Prothrombin complex concentrates

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4
Q

Blood products are made from thousands of donors. True/False?

A

True

Giving one bottle of blood product to a patient exposes them to thousands of donors

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5
Q

What must be done to donor blood to separate it into components?

A

Anticoagulation

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6
Q

For standard blood donation, how often may someone donate blood?

A

Every 12 weeks

Max 5 a year

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7
Q

List the basic criteria for a blood donor

A

Able to spare 465ml of blood
Minimum weight 50kg
Hb 13.5 (male)/12.5 (female)

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8
Q

Who should avoid donating blood?

A

Infective risk
Transmitting disease (malignancy)
Drug addicts
Recent foreign travel to endemic areas

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9
Q

Describe the order/position of blood components in a bag once blood has been centrifuged

A

Red cells at bottom (most dense)
Platelets + white cells in middle
Plasma at top (least dense)

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10
Q

At what temperature must red cells be stored?

A

4’C +/- 2’C

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11
Q

What is the shelf life of donated red cells? What happens if they are removed from storage for more than 30 mins?

A

35 days

If removed for more than 30 mins, must be transfused or discarded

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12
Q

At what temperature must platelets be stored?

A

22’C

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13
Q

What is the shelf life of donated platelets?

A

7 days if bacterial monitoring system applied

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14
Q

At what temperature and for how long must fresh frozen plasma be stored?

A

-30’C for up to 3 years

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15
Q

What are the possible blood groups a person can be?

A

A
B
AB
O

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16
Q

Describe the red cell membranes of ABO blood groups

A

A: carry A-antigen
B: carry B-antigen
AB: carry A-antigen + B-antigen
O: no A or B antigen

17
Q

Order the blood groups from highest to lowest population frequency

A

O, A, B, AB

18
Q

Which of the ABO blood groups is the universal donor? Why?

A

O is universal donor because blood carries no antigen and therefore other blood groups won’t form antibody against it

19
Q

Which of the ABO blood groups is the universal recipient? Why?

A

AB is universal recipient because it carries both antigens and therefore won’t form antibody against any of the other blood groups

20
Q

Naturally occuring ABO antibodies are what - Ig?

A

IgM

Small proportion are IgG

21
Q

The genes that determine our ABO group are located on which chromosome?

A

Chromosome 9

22
Q

Which alleles for ABO group are dominant?

A

A and B are co-dominant

O is recessive

23
Q

The genes that determine Rhesus-D status are located on which chromosome?

A

Chromosome 1

24
Q

Inheritance of Rhesus-D follows what pattern?

A

Autosomal dominant

25
Q

How is blood group determined?

A

Agglutination

Giving antibody to individual of same blood type (e.g. anti-A to group A) will cause cells to stick together

26
Q

What must a doctor’s prescription for blood transfusion state?

A

Number of units
Special requirements
Rate of transfusion
Accompanying medication

27
Q

List possible indications for red cell transfusion in anaemia

A

Reduced exercise capacity
Medical/surgical issue
Heart or lung disease
“anaemic” symptoms

28
Q

List physiological response to acute blood loss

A

Increased heart rate + force of contraction
Vasoconstriction to protect organs
Fluid shift from ECF to ICF

29
Q

List indications for platelet transfusion

A 
Low platelet count (duh!)
Bleeding symptoms
Underlying infection/fever
Surgical requirement/recovery
Platelet functional defects (myeloma)
30
Q

List indications for fresh frozen plasma transfusion

A 
Liver disease (impaired coagulation)
Disseminated intravascular coagluation
31
Q

What does the acute haemolytic transfusion reaction involve?

A

Activation of complement, coagulation and kinin systems due to circulating antibody to donor blood

32
Q

What are the effects of complements C3a and C5a?

A

Increase vascular permeability
Dilate blood vessels
Release toxins and inflammatory markers (serotonin, histamine)

33
Q

What is the effect of bradykinin?

A

Arteriolar dilation
Increase vascular permeability
Leading to hypotension

34
Q

What action must be taken in an acute haemolytic transfusion reaction?

A

Stop blood transfusion
Give IV fluids
Obtain blood sample: transfusion, FBC, film, coagulation screen, biochemistry, blood culture, haptoglobin)

35
Q

What does haptoglobin do?

A

Binds free haemoglobin

Y3 Revision (85 decks)

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