Blood test abnormalities Flashcards
Macrocytic anaemia
Megaloblastic (B12/folate def)
Non-megaloblastic: Alcohol Liver disease Hypothyroidism Pregnancy Reticulocytosis Myelodysplasia Cytotoxics
Neutrophils inc causes
Bacterial infections Inflammation Myeloproliferative disorders Disseminated malignancy Stress Steroids
Neutropenia causes
Viral infections Drugs (post chemo, cytotoxics, carbimazole, sulfonamides) Severe sepsis Autoimmune Abs Hypersplenism Bone marrow failure
Lymphocytosis causes
Acute viral infections
Chronic infections
Leukaemia/lymphoma
Atypical blue rim lymphocytosis in EBV
Lymphopenia causes
Steroids/chemo/radiotherapy
SLE
HIV
Marrow infiltration
Eosinophilia causes
Drug reactions
Allergies (asthma/atopy)
Skin disease
Parasites
Malignant disease
Hypereosinophilic syndrome
Sustained eosinophilia >6wks leads to end organ damage
Treat with steroids ± mepolizumab
Imatinib if myeloproliferative HES
Monocytosis causes
Post-chemo/radiotherapy
Chronic infection
Malignant disease
Myelodysplasia
Basophilia causes
Myeloproliferative disease
Viral infection
IgE hypersensitivity
Inflammatory disorders
Prolonged PT
Extrinsic system (Factor VII)
Warfarin/vit K deficiency
Liver disease
DIC
Prolonged APTT
Intrinsic system
Heparin Haemophilia von Willebrand's DIC Liver disease
Prolonged thrombin time
Heparin
DIC
Dysfibrinogenaemia
Raised D-dimer
Fibrin degradation product raised in DIC, VTE
May also be raised in inflammation
Polycythaemia causes
Relative polycythaemia due to dec plasma volume e.g. dehydration/ obesity/ HTN
1˚ absolute due to polycythaemia vera
2˚ absolute due to hypoxia (altitude, COPD, smoking) or EPO excess (renal/HCC)
Raised platelet reactive causes
Bleeding Malignancy Infection Trauma Iron-deficiency Chronic inflammation
