blood test Flashcards
1
Q
what is the function of the blood?
A
Transportation of:
- Nutrients, dissolved gasses, and hormones
Regulation of:
- Body temperature, PH levels, fluid balance, electrolyte balance
Protection:
- From diseases, white blood cells clot cuts to prevent infection and blood loss
2
Q
how much blood does the human body contain?
A
- 4-6L
3
Q
what percentage of the blood is fluid and cells?
A
- 45% consists of living cells
- 55% is fluid called plasma
4
Q
blood plasma
A
- A clear, straw coloured fluid that is 90% water and 10% dissolved substances that include acids, amino acids, salts, hormones, enzymes and vitamins
5
Q
albumin
A
- The most abundant of the plasma proteins; keeps water from leaving the blood and entering the surrounding cells by osmosis.
6
Q
Globulins
A
- Some are involved in transporting proteins and other materials from one part of the body to another; others called antibodies, are proteins that bind together and help destroy foreign substances in the body
7
Q
Fibrinogen
A
- Is involved in the clotting of blood
8
Q
Red blood cells
A
- Carry O2 and CO2
- Produced from cells in the bone marrow and become filled with hemoglobin
- the hemoglobin forces out their nuclei and organelles therefore mature red blood cells have no nucleus
- the hemoglobin contains iron proteins that carry oxygen from lungs to the body tissues and give red blood cells their colour
9
Q
Anemia
A
- A deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood
10
Q
White Blood Cells
A
- Their main function is to protect the body against invasion by foreign cells or substances
- They are produced in the bone marrow
11
Q
5 main types of WBC
A
- Lymphocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocytes
- Neutrophils
12
Q
platelets
A
- Are cell fragments involved in blood clotting
- They are formed by the pinching off of bits of cytoplasm from large cells within the bone marrow
13
Q
blood clotting
A
- The solidification of blood at the site of an injured blood vessel
14
Q
what are the main steps involved in blood clotting?
A
- The ruptured platelets of the blood vessel release on enzyme, called thromboplastin
- Thromboplastin initiates a series of enzymatic reactions which result in conversion of prothrombin, a plasma protein, into thrombin
- Thrombin, an enzyme, converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble strands of fibrin
- Fibrin forms a network of strands that trap red blood cells and platelets to form a clot
15
Q
Antigens
A
- Proteins that stick out of the surface of red blood cells
- There are 2 types of antigens ( a & b)
