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Clinical Neuroscience (My own) > Blood supply to the brain > Flashcards

Blood supply to the brain Flashcards

1
Q

What two sources does the brain receive arterial blood from?

A

Internal carotids

Vertebral arteries

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2
Q

What does the internal carotid supply

A

Anterior circulation and supplies most of the cerebral hemispheres

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3
Q

What do the vertebral parties supply?

A

Posterior circulation, supplies the brainstem, cerebellum, some of the temporal lobe and occipital lobe

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4
Q

Two main branches of anterior circulation?

A

Middle cerebral artery (direct continuation of ICA)

Anterior cerebral artery

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5
Q

What is the major clinical distinction between anterior and posterior?

A

The stroke syndromes associated with each are very different

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6
Q

What anastomoses the anterior and posterior circulations?

A

The posterior communicating artery

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7
Q

What does the posterior communicating artery form?

A

Circle of Willis (Circles arteriosis)

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8
Q

What does the circle of Willis surround in the base of the brain?

A

Pituitary

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9
Q

Where do the internal carotid canals travel through?

A

Carotid canal

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10
Q

What is the first major branch of the ICA?

A

Ophthalmic artery

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11
Q

What does the ophthalmic artery supply?

A

Orbit and retina

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12
Q

What are the 2 main branches of the internal carotid in the anterior circulation? Which is the largest?

A

Middle cerebral (largest artery and has biggest territory) and anterior cerebral artery

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13
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

Majority of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere including deep structures

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14
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply deep in the brain and via what arteries?

A

Lenticulostriate arteries that supply the internal capsule and the basal ganglia

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15
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

Major white matter pathway that connects the cortex to the rest of CNS

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16
Q

What is the most commonly involved artery in stroke?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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17
Q

Describe the anatomical course of the anterior cerebral arteries?

A

Course towards the midline and arch over the corpus collosum

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18
Q

What do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

The medial hemisphere

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19
Q

What connects the anterior cerebral arteries and what does this form?

A

Connected via the anterior communicating arteries to form the circle of Willis

20
Q

On the cortical homunculus, what does the medial aspect correspond to?

A

Lower limb

21
Q

On the cortical homunculus, what does the lateral aspect correspond to?

A

Face and upper limb

22
Q

Which artery is occluded in lower limb paralysis?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

23
Q

Which artery is occluded in upper limb paralysis?

A

Middle cerebral artery

24
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries travel through?

A

Transverse foramina

25
Q

What is formed from the coalition of the 2 vertebral arteries?

A

Basilar artery

26
Q

What is unusual about the basilar artery?

A

Its a midline artery

27
Q

What does the basilar artery bifurcates to form?

A

Two posterior cerebral arteries

28
Q

Describe the path the vertebral artery to posterior cerebral arteries

A

Runs up from transverse forming to join at pons
Here they form the basilar artery
This bifurcates and courses backwards to form posterior cerebral arteries

29
Q

Where does the posterior cerebral lie in particular?

A

Cerebrum

30
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Occipital lobe- visual
Inferior temporal lobe
Postero-inferior aspect of the cerebrum

31
Q

What are the deep branches of the posterior cerebral arteries?

A

Thalamoperforator

Thalamogeniculate

32
Q

Occlusion of posterior cerebral can affect which aspects of function?

A

Visual system
Somatosensation
Brainstem

33
Q

What are the multiple little branches from the basilar artery going to the pons called?

A

Pontine branches

34
Q

What do the pontine branches supply?

A

Motor pathways going down to the spinal cord

35
Q

Where do the pontine branches sit in the brain?

A

Anterior surface of the pons

36
Q

What does blocking of pontine arteries lead to

A

‘Locked in’ syndrome

37
Q

What are the 3 pairs of branches of cerebellar arteries?

A

Superior cerebellar
Ant. inf. cerebellar
Post. inf. cerebellar

38
Q

What does the superior cerebellar artery supply?

A

Superior cerebellum and midbrain

39
Q

What does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?

A

Caudally, anterior inferior cerebellum

Pons

40
Q

What does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?

A

Posterior inferior cerebellum

Medulla

41
Q

What does the cerebellar arteries pass over? What does this mean in terms of supply?

A

Pass over the brainstem therefore supply the brainstem

42
Q

What is the artery that comes from the medial aspect of vertebral arteries?

A

Anterior spinal artery

43
Q

Describe the path of the anterior spinal artery

A

Along midline

Anterior spinal cord

44
Q

What does the anterior spinal artery supply

A

Anterior 2/3rds of spinal cord

45
Q

When is it common to get a spinal cord rupture?

A

During the repair of an aneurysm

Clinical Neuroscience (My own) (9 decks)

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