Blood supply to the brain Flashcards

1
Q

What two sources does the brain receive arterial blood from?

A

Internal carotids

Vertebral arteries

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2
Q

What does the internal carotid supply

A

Anterior circulation and supplies most of the cerebral hemispheres

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3
Q

What do the vertebral parties supply?

A

Posterior circulation, supplies the brainstem, cerebellum, some of the temporal lobe and occipital lobe

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4
Q

Two main branches of anterior circulation?

A

Middle cerebral artery (direct continuation of ICA)

Anterior cerebral artery

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5
Q

What is the major clinical distinction between anterior and posterior?

A

The stroke syndromes associated with each are very different

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6
Q

What anastomoses the anterior and posterior circulations?

A

The posterior communicating artery

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7
Q

What does the posterior communicating artery form?

A

Circle of Willis (Circles arteriosis)

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8
Q

What does the circle of Willis surround in the base of the brain?

A

Pituitary

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9
Q

Where do the internal carotid canals travel through?

A

Carotid canal

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10
Q

What is the first major branch of the ICA?

A

Ophthalmic artery

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11
Q

What does the ophthalmic artery supply?

A

Orbit and retina

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12
Q

What are the 2 main branches of the internal carotid in the anterior circulation? Which is the largest?

A

Middle cerebral (largest artery and has biggest territory) and anterior cerebral artery

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13
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply?

A

Majority of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere including deep structures

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14
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply deep in the brain and via what arteries?

A

Lenticulostriate arteries that supply the internal capsule and the basal ganglia

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15
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

Major white matter pathway that connects the cortex to the rest of CNS

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16
Q

What is the most commonly involved artery in stroke?

A

Middle cerebral artery

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17
Q

Describe the anatomical course of the anterior cerebral arteries?

A

Course towards the midline and arch over the corpus collosum

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18
Q

What do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

The medial hemisphere

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19
Q

What connects the anterior cerebral arteries and what does this form?

A

Connected via the anterior communicating arteries to form the circle of Willis

20
Q

On the cortical homunculus, what does the medial aspect correspond to?

A

Lower limb

21
Q

On the cortical homunculus, what does the lateral aspect correspond to?

A

Face and upper limb

22
Q

Which artery is occluded in lower limb paralysis?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

23
Q

Which artery is occluded in upper limb paralysis?

A

Middle cerebral artery

24
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries travel through?

A

Transverse foramina

25
What is formed from the coalition of the 2 vertebral arteries?
Basilar artery
26
What is unusual about the basilar artery?
Its a midline artery
27
What does the basilar artery bifurcates to form?
Two posterior cerebral arteries
28
Describe the path the vertebral artery to posterior cerebral arteries
Runs up from transverse forming to join at pons Here they form the basilar artery This bifurcates and courses backwards to form posterior cerebral arteries
29
Where does the posterior cerebral lie in particular?
Cerebrum
30
What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
Occipital lobe- visual Inferior temporal lobe Postero-inferior aspect of the cerebrum
31
What are the deep branches of the posterior cerebral arteries?
Thalamoperforator | Thalamogeniculate
32
Occlusion of posterior cerebral can affect which aspects of function?
Visual system Somatosensation Brainstem
33
What are the multiple little branches from the basilar artery going to the pons called?
Pontine branches
34
What do the pontine branches supply?
Motor pathways going down to the spinal cord
35
Where do the pontine branches sit in the brain?
Anterior surface of the pons
36
What does blocking of pontine arteries lead to
'Locked in' syndrome
37
What are the 3 pairs of branches of cerebellar arteries?
Superior cerebellar Ant. inf. cerebellar Post. inf. cerebellar
38
What does the superior cerebellar artery supply?
Superior cerebellum and midbrain
39
What does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?
Caudally, anterior inferior cerebellum | Pons
40
What does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply?
Posterior inferior cerebellum | Medulla
41
What does the cerebellar arteries pass over? What does this mean in terms of supply?
Pass over the brainstem therefore supply the brainstem
42
What is the artery that comes from the medial aspect of vertebral arteries?
Anterior spinal artery
43
Describe the path of the anterior spinal artery
Along midline | Anterior spinal cord
44
What does the anterior spinal artery supply
Anterior 2/3rds of spinal cord
45
When is it common to get a spinal cord rupture?
During the repair of an aneurysm