Blood supply to the brain

Question 1

What does the opthalmic artery supply? Which other artery does it connect to?

Answer 1

Supplies- Orbit and retina

Connects to external carotid artery

Question 2

What does the posterior communicating artery connect?

Answer 2

Connects carotid and vertebral artery system

Question 3

What does the middle cerebral artery supply? Which other 2 arteries anastamose with it?

Answer 3

Basal ganglion,internal capsule 2/3 of the cortex

Anastomoses with anterior and posterior cerebral arteries

Question 4

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 4

Internal capsule

medial side of frontal and parietal lobe

Question 5

What does the vertebral artery supply?

Answer 5

Spinal cord

Dorsal medulla of brain stem

Question 6

What does basilar artery supply?

Answer 6

Pons and cerebellum

Question 7

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

Answer 7

Inferior and medial aspects of temporal and occipital cortex
Thalamus and posterior internal capsule
Midbrain

Question 8

How many people have a classic circle of willis?

Answer 8

34.5%

Question 9

Which arteries supply the cerebral cortex?

Answer 9

Anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries

Question 10

What are the main branches in the posterior circulation?

Answer 10

Vertebral, basilar and posterior cerebral

Question 11

What are some of the major causes of stroke?

Answer 11

AF/atrial enlargement
Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Aneurysm
Elderly
Head injury (trauma)
Alcoholics
Arteriovenous malformation

Question 12

What are the 3 types of cerebral aneurysms?

Answer 12

Saccular
Fusiform
Berry

Question 13

What is a transient ischemic attack?

Answer 13

Temporary disruption of blood supply to the brain
Temporary loss of brain function (<30 mins)
Sudden onset but resolves within 24 hrs
Warning sign of heart attack or stroke

Question 14

What are the symptoms of a transient ischemic attack in the anterior and posterior circulation?

Answer 14

-Anterior circulation
Motor weakness
Hemi-sensory loss
Dysarthria
Transient monocular blindness

-Posterior circulation
Vertigo
Diplopia
Ataxia
Amnesia
Dysphasia

Question 15

What are the symptoms of cortical stroke, what are the signs of cortical stroke?

Answer 15

Symptoms-
Contralateral paralysis
anaesthesia of face and arm
Can mimic lacunar strokes

Signs-
Aphasia
Visuospatial neglect
Gaze deviation
Visual field defects

Question 16

What is a Lacunar (subcortical) Stroke? What are the symptoms of Lacunar (subcortical) Stroke?

Answer 16

A stroke that affects the deep structures in the brain

Basal Ganglia, thalamus, Internal Capsule (descending motor fibres)

Question 17

What are the consequences of a stroke in the medial cerebral artery? Names of conditions if it happens in left or right hemispher.

Answer 17

Sensorimotor loss on contralateral face, upper limb and trunk
if in Dominant hemisphere (Left)
Global aphasia
if in Non-dominant (R.parietal lobe)
Neglect syndrome

Question 18

What are the consequences of a stroke in the anterior cerebral artery?

Answer 18

• Contralateral sensorimotor loss below waist
• Urinary incontinence
• Personality defects
• Split-brain syndrome

Question 19

What are the consequences of a stroke in the posterior cerebral artery?

Answer 19

Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
Reading and writing deficits
Impaired memory

Question 20

What is Lateral medullary syndrome? What are the symptoms?

Answer 20

A condition that develops due ischemia in the vertebral arteries and in the posierior inferior cerebella artery

Symptoms- Horner syndrome
Vertigo, nystagmus, nausea and vomiting, dysarthia, dysphonia, loss of pain and temp in body (contralateral), loss of pain and temp in face (ipsilateral), loss of gag reflex (nucleus ambiguus)

Question 21

Describe the main symptom of a Classic paralytic stroke

Answer 21

– contralateral hemiplegia

Paralysis occurring on the side of the body opposite to the side of the brain in which the causal lesion occurs.

Question 22

List the classic signs of a stroke

Answer 22

Slurred speech
Inability to raise both arms and keep them there
Face drooping on one side