Blood Supply to Brain (Task 5)

Question 1

Blood supply to basal ganglia

Answer 1

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA - continuation of internal carotid)
Lenticulostriate arteries branch off MCA and are major supply to basal ganglia
Some supply from Medial Striate artery branching from Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)

Question 2

Blood supply to medulla oblongata

Answer 2

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries (PICA)
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Arteries (AICA)
Anterior Spinal Artery
Posterior Spinal Artery
Vertebral Arteries

Question 3

Blood supply to midbrain

Answer 3

Branches of Basilar Artery including:
Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
Peduncular branch of PCA
Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA)
Interpeduncular branches of Basilar Artery 
Posterior Choroidal Artery

Question 4

Blood supply to cerebellum

Answer 4

Superior Cerebellar Artery (SCA - branch of Basilar)
Anterior Inferior Cerebella Artery (AICA - branch of Basilar)
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery (PICA - branch of Vertebral artery)

Question 5

Blood supply to thalamus

Answer 5

Branches of the Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) including:
Posterior Communicating Artery
Posterior Choroidal Artery

Question 6

Blood supply to frontal lobe

Answer 6

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)

Question 7

Blood supply to parietal lobe

Answer 7

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA)

Question 8

Blood supply to temporal lobe

Answer 8

Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)

Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)

Question 9

Blood supply to occipital lobe

Answer 9

Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)

Question 10

Origin arteries of posterior, middle and anterior cerebral arteries

Answer 10

MCA is continuation of the Internal Carotid Artery
ACA is branch of Internal Carotid Artery
PCA is a branch of the Basilar Artery

Question 11

Arteries that form the basilar artery

Answer 11

Two Vertebral Arteries which branch off from the Subclavian Arteries and travel into the skull via the Foramen Magnum

Question 12

Type of stroke arising from lenticulostriate occlusion

Answer 12

Lacunar Stroke

Necrotic brain cells are absorbed by macrophages and a cavity (lacune) is left

Question 13

Features of vertebral artery occlusion (can also occlude posterior inferior cerebellar artery)

Answer 13

Causes ischaemia of the lateral medulla
Vertigo and N&V due to involvement of vestibular nuclei
Ipsilateral Ataxia
Ipsilateral Horners Syndrome
Hoarseness, dysphagia and reduced gag reflex (CN X)
Ipsilateral sensory loss of pain and temp (lateral spinothalamic tracts)

Question 14

Features of Basilar Artery Occlusion

Answer 14

Causes ischaemia of brainstem, pons, midbrain, cerebellar and occipital lobes
Usually fatal

Question 15

Features of posterior cerebral artery (PCA) occlusion

Answer 15

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia due to reduced blood supply to visual cortex and optic pathway

Contralateral sensory loss if thalamus also affected

Question 16

Features of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion

Answer 16

Contralateral hemisensory loss of upper limb and face due to necrosis of lateral primary somatosensory cortex

Contralateral spastic hemiplegia of upper limb and face due to necrosis of lateral primary cortex

Aphasia if dominant hemisphere affected

Question 17

Features of anterior cerebral artery (ACA) occlusion

Answer 17

Contralateral hemisensory loss and spastic hemiplegia predominantly in lower limb and trunk due to necrosis of medial primary motor and somatosensory cortices

Cognitive changes due to frontal lobe involvement

Question 18

Features of anterior spinal artery occlusion

Answer 18

Bilateral spastic para or quadraplegia due to loss of descending corticospinal tracts

Loss of pain and temperature sensation (lateral spinothalamic tracts)

Preservation of proprioception, vibration and fine touch as dorsal column not affected

Question 19

Features of posterior spinal artery occlusion

Answer 19

Loss of proprioception, vibration and fine touch as dorsal column-medial lemniscus affected

Ataxia due to loss of proprioception

Preservation of motor function as descending corticospinal tracts not affected

Preservation of pain and temperature sensation (lateral spinothalamic tracts not affected)