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SO-Nervous System > Blood Supply to Brain and Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Blood Supply to Brain and Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

How is the brain supplied with blood?

A

By anatomoses between the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries

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2
Q

Where do the arteries supplying the brain anastomose?

A

At the circulus arteriosus / Circle of Willis

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3
Q

What completes the circulation around the circle of Willis?

A

The anterior and posterior communicating arteries

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4
Q

Where do the cerebellar arteries given off from the circle of Willis run into?

A

The subarachnoid space

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5
Q

What is the advantage of the anastomoses provided by the circle of Willis?

A

It provides enough anastomoses so that in theory, any blockage of one of the arteries will allow sufficient blood supply to reach and perfuse the region

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6
Q

What route does the internal carotid artery take in the skull?

A

It runs in the carotid canal of the petrous temporal bone, passing through the cavernous sinus, to enter the middle cranial fossa

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7
Q

What does the internal jugular vein divide into?

A

Anterior, , middle, and posterior communicating arteries

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8
Q

What does the posterior communicating artery join with?

A

The posterior cerebral artery

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9
Q

What course do the vertebral arteries take?

A

They ascend through the transverse foramen in the upper 6 cervical vertebrae, and enter the posterior cranial fossa via the foramen magnum

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10
Q

What is formed when the two vertebral arteries unite?

A

The basilar artery

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11
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries unite to form the basilar artery?

A

At the lower border of the pons

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12
Q

What happens to the basilar artery?

A

It bifurcates to form the posterior cerebral artery

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13
Q

Label this diagram showing the arteries of the Circle of Willis

A

A - Anterior communicating artery B - Anterior cerebral artery C - Opthlamic artery D - Anterior choroidal artery E - Posterior cerebral artery F - Superior cerebellar artery G - Basilar artery H - Anterior inferior cerebellar artery I - Vertebral artery J - Posterior inferior cerebellar artery K - Anterior spinal artery L - Pontine arteries M - Posterior communicating arteries N - Middle cerebral artery O - Internal cartoid artery

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14
Q

What arteries provide the cerebral cortical supply?

A

Anterior cerebral arteries Middle cerebreal arteries Posterior cerebral arteries

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15
Q

What do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

The medial surfaces of the frontal and parietal lobes, continuing to the parieto-occipital sulcus Leg area of motor and somatosensory cortex

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16
Q

What do the middle cerebral arteries supply?

A

The lateral surface of the cerebral cortex Most of the dorsilateral surface The motor and sensory area of the central sulcus, apart from the leg areas Speech and language areas

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17
Q

How does the middle cerebral artery differ from the anterior?

A

It is larger

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18
Q

What do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

Inferior surface of the brain Occipital lobes

19
Q

Where does the posterior communicating arteriesarise from?

A

They are the terminal branches of the basilar arteries

20
Q

Where do the pontine arteries arise from?

A

The basilar artery

21
Q

What do the pontine arteries supply?

A

The pons and adjacent regions of the brani

22
Q

What arteries supply the cerebellum?

A

Superior cerebellar artery Anterior inferior cerebellar artery Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

23
Q

What does the superior cerebellar artery arise from?

A

It is the terminal branch of the basilar artery

24
Q

Where does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery arise from?

A

The basilar artery

25
Q

Where does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery arise from?

A

Branch of vertebral arteries

26
Q

What provides the venous drainage of the brain?

A

Cerebral veins and venous sinuses, all eventually draining into the internal jugular vein

27
Q

What categories can the cerebral veins be divided into?

A

External and internal

28
Q

What are the external cerebral veins also known as?

A

Bridging

29
Q

Where are the external cerebral veins found?

A

In the subarachnoid space

30
Q

Broadly, what do the internal cerebral veins drain?

A

Deeper structures

31
Q

Where do the internal cerebral veins emerge from?

A

The transverse fissure

32
Q

Where are the dural venous sinuses found?

A

Within the dura mater layers

33
Q

What must the external cerebral veins do to enable them to drain into the venous sinuses?

A

Cross the subdural space

34
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the bridging veins crossing the subdural space to drain into the venous sinuses?

A

It has an accompanying risk of subdural haemorrhage following any head trauma

35
Q

Label this diagram illustrating the venous sinuses involved with venous drainage of the brain

A

A - Superior sagittal sinus B - Inferior sagittal sinus C - Straight sinus D - Transverse sinus E - Confluence of sinus F - Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses G - Occipital sinus H - Sigmoid sinus I - Cavernous sinus J - Beginning of superior saggital sinus

36
Q

Label this diagram illustrating the veins and plexuses involved in draining the brain

A

A - Great cerebral vein B - Internal vertebral venous plexus C - Basilar plexus D - Facial vein E - Deep facial veins F - Maxillary veins G - Pterygoid plexus H - Inferior opthlamic vein I - Superior opthlamic vein J - Supra-orbital vein K - Superior cerebral veins

37
Q

What arteries descend through the spinal cord?

A

Anterior spinal artery Paired posteiror spinal arteries

38
Q

What do the anterior and posterior spinal arteries descend the spinal cord within?

A

The pia mater

39
Q

What are the anterior and posterior spinal arteries reinforced by during their descend through the spinal cord?

A

Multiple radicular arteries

40
Q

What do the posterior spinal arteries supply?

A

The dorsal columns

41
Q

What do the anterior spinal arteries supply?

A

The rest of the cord, other than the dorsal columns

42
Q

What radicular artery is found in the lower thoracic and upper lumbar regions?

A

The arteria radicularis magnus (of Adamkiewicz)

43
Q

What may occulsion of the arteria radicularis magnus cause?

A

Neural dysfunction

SO-Nervous System (18 decks)

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