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GI > Blood Supply Of The GI Tract > Flashcards

Blood Supply Of The GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta lie

A

Lies just to the left of the midline on the posterior abdominal wall

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2
Q

Right and left common iliac arteries

A

Branches of the abdominal aorta
Supply the pelvis and lower limbs

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3
Q

At what level does the aorta bifurcate

A

L4/5

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4
Q

3 unpaired branches of the anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta

A

Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

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5
Q

At what level does the coeliac trunk branch from the aorta

A

T12

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6
Q

At what level does the superior mesenteric artery branch from the aorta

A

L1

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7
Q

At what level does the inferior mesenteric artery branch from the aorta

A

L3

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8
Q

What does the coeliac trunk supply

A

Foregut: oesophagus, stomach, first 1/2 of duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen

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9
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply

A

Midgut: second 1/2 of duodenum, Jejunum, ileum, caecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 transverse colon

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10
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

A

Hindgut: distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

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11
Q

3 branches of coeliac trunk

A

Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery

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12
Q

Left gastric artery supplies…

A

Stomach

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13
Q

Splenic artery supplies…

A

Spleen
Stomach
Pancreas- branches come off as travels to spleen

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14
Q

Common hepatic artery supplies…

A

Liver
Gallbladder
Stomach
Duodenum

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15
Q

Branches of superior mesenteric artery (SMA)

A

Jejunal and ileal branches
Ileocolic artery
Right colic artery
Middle colic artery

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16
Q

Jejunal and ileal branches supply…

A

Jejunum and ileum

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17
Q

Ileocolic artery supplies…

A

Ileum
Caecum
Appendix
Ascending colon

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18
Q

Right colic artery supplies…

A

Ascending colon

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19
Q

At what level is the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm

A

T12

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20
Q

Middle colic artery supplies…

A

Transverse colon

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21
Q

Branches of inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)

A

Left colic artery
Sigmoid branches
Superior rectal artery

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22
Q

Left colic artery supplies…

A

Descending colon

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23
Q

Sigmoid branches supplies…

A

Sigmoid colon

24
Q

Superior rectal artery supplies…

A

Rectum

25
Q

Mesenteric ischaemia

A

thrombus in a mesenteric artery (or one of its branches) leading to hypoperfusion of the segment of gut the vessel supplies. Can progress to infarction of the gut. Mortality is high.

26
Q

Ulcers of the stomach and duodenum

A

may erode through nearly vessels and cause severe intra-abdominal bleeding.

27
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

part of the wall of the aorta weakens and bulges / expands. Rupture has a high mortality – older people, sudden onset severe abdominal / back pain, rapid bleeding, circulatory shock.

28
Q

Systemic veins

A

Carry venous blood directly to inferior vena cava
Blood does NOT pass through liver

29
Q

Examples of systemic veins in abdomen

A

Renal veins
Adrenal veins
Hepatic veins

30
Q

Examples of paired branches of abdominal aorta

A

Renal arteries
Gonadal arteries
Lumbar arteries

31
Q

Unpaired branches of abdominal aorta

A

Celiac trunk
Superior mesenteric
Inferior mesenteric

32
Q

Left gastro-omental artery

A

Branch of splenic artery
Supplies left border of stomach and part of omentum

33
Q

When does the common hepatic artery —-> hepatic artery proper

A

When gastroduodenal artery branches off

34
Q

What does the hepatic artery proper branch into

A

Right and left hepatic arteries

35
Q

What does the right gastro-omental arise from

A

Gastroduodenal from common hepatic artery

36
Q

What does the left gastro-omental arise from

A

Splenic artery

37
Q

Which arteries supply to greater curvature of the stomach

A

Right and left gastro-omental arteries
Anastomose

38
Q

Which arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

Left and right gastric arteries
Anastomose

39
Q

Portal veins

A

carry nutrient-rich venous blood from the gut to the liver
Blood then enters the hepatic veins and returns to the inferior vena cava

40
Q

Examples of portal veins

A

Superior and inferior mesenteric veins

41
Q

Portal system

A

Inferior mesenteric vein unites with splenic vein
Splenic vein unites with superior mesenteric vein to form hepatic portal vein
Hepatic portal vein enters liver

Blood is processed, nutrients removed, and the venous blood then enters the hepatic veins, which join the inferior vena cava.

42
Q

Why don’t anastomosed vessels burst

A

Smaller branching arteries supply the surrounding viscera
So blood is constantly removed

43
Q

Marginal artery

A

Anastomose of left colic and middle colic

44
Q

Liver metastases

A

from colon cancer – cancers of the colon often metastasize to the liver because venous blood from the colon is carried first to the liver via the portal system.

45
Q

Portal hypertension

A

high blood pressure in the portal system because of obstruction to flow through the portal vein or liver. Can lead to distended veins and bleeding at sites of portosystemic anastomoses.

46
Q

Order of portal system

A

Inferior mesenteric vein + splenic vein ——> + superior mesenteric vein ——> Hepatic portal vein ——> liver ——>hepatic veins (systemic) ——> inferior vena cava

47
Q

Venous drainage of distal oesophagus

A

BOTH
Azygos —> superior vena cava
AND
Gastric veins —> portal veins —> liver —> inferior vena cava

48
Q

Branches of coeliac trunk clockwise

A

Left gastric
Splenic
Common hepatic

49
Q

Branches of superior mesenteric artery clockwise

A

Jejunal and ileal branches
Ileocolic
Right colic
Middle colic

50
Q

Branches of inferior mesenteric artery clockwise

A

Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal

51
Q

Name of anastomoses of left and middle colic arteries

A

Marginal artery

52
Q

Left portal vein supplies

A

Quadrate, caudate and left lobes of liver

53
Q

Right portal vein

A

Receives the cystic vein
Supplies right lobe of liver

54
Q

At what level does the portal vein form

A

L2

55
Q

Where is the Meissner’s plexus located

A

Submucosa of small intestine

GI (12 decks)

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