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Forensic BLOOD AND GIT > Blood Stain > Flashcards

Blood Stain Flashcards

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Git Commands flashcards
1
Q 
Study of antigen antibody reaction used for purpose of law
OR
Study of body fluids
OR
Study of trace evidence
A

Forensic serology

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2
Q

State the Theory of Exchange, also called Locard’s principle of exchange.

A

Whenever two objects come in contact with each other, there is always some exchange of material from one to the other, which may not be visible to naked eye.

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3
Q

What is trace evidence?

A

Material evidence collected from the scene of crime that could be anything eg. Blood, semen, saliva, milk, urine, feces or any other material like hair, buttons etc.

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4
Q

Blood can be important evidence in

A

Murder
Injury
Sexual offences

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5
Q

Whether the stain is blood or some other material. What test to do?

A

Benizidine test
Phenolphthalein test
Kastle Mayer’s test

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6
Q

If benzidine test shows blue color then it is _________

A

Positive

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7
Q

If phenolphthalein test shows pink color then it is ________

A

Positive

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8
Q

What is the principle of Kastle Mayer’s test?

A

Hb detection test

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9
Q

What is luminol test?

A

A spray done to detect iron in the blood. Glow last for about 30 seconds and is blue in color.

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10
Q

What are the confirmatory test?

A

Microscopic test
Takayama’s test
Teichman’s test
Spectroscopy

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11
Q

If Adult Hb in spectroscopic test

A

D and E bands recognized

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12
Q

If fetal Hb in spectroscopic test then

A

Wide F bands along with D and E

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13
Q

Whether the blood is human or animal in origin, how to find out?

A

Precipitin test
Hemagglutination inhibition test
Latex test
Enzymological Test - LDH or Peroxidase (Px)

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14
Q

What is precipitin test?

A

Human blood has antigens so we inject them in animals like rabbit in smaller quantities for longer time, antibodies are developed in rabbit against human antigens. Later the rabbit serum and human blood sample is mixed and causes agglutination.

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15
Q

Wet bright red, starchy feel then whats the age of the stain?

A

Fresh

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16
Q

Red liquid blood age of stain?

A

half hour

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17
Q

Sticky feel blood the age of stain?

A

2 hours

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18
Q

Yellow liquid like blood so what is the age of stain?

A

3-8 hours

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19
Q

Hard set blood so age of stain?

A

8 hours

20
Q

Reddish brown stain of blood the age of stain?

A

24 hours

21
Q

Black stain of blood then age of stain?

A

Few days

22
Q

What is arterial blood like?

A

bright red, in jets (spouting) due to high systolic blood pressure

23
Q

What is venous blood like?

A

Steamy, dark red and collects in a pool near the victim

24
Q

What is antemortem blood like?

A

Peels off in scales on drying due to presence of fibrin

25
Q

What is postmortem blood like?

A

Powder form because fibrin is lost

26
Q

Feature of assailant blood?

A

Found on outer side of the garment

27
Q

Feature of victims blood?

A

Inner side of the garment

28
Q

Hemetmesis blood?

A

Acidic, chocolate colored

29
Q

Hemoptysis blood?

A

Alkaline, bright red and frothy

30
Q

Epistaxis blood?

A

Blood mixed with nasal mucous and hair

31
Q

Menstrual blood?

A

Dark, smell, mixed with vaginal and endometrial epithelium

32
Q

Parturition/Abortion blood?

A

Dark, clotted mixed with endometrial and placental tissue + amniotic fluid

33
Q

In females, blood has?

A 
Bar bodies (sex chromatin, the inactive X chromosome in somatic cells -lyonization)
Davidson bodies (polymorphonuclear neutrophils with drum stick appearance)
34
Q

Male blood has a characteristic

A

Y bodies

35
Q

Direction of blood falling is circular then angle is?

A

90 degree

36
Q

WHy do we do blood grouping stain?

A

To identify criminals in mass disasters
Disputed parentage
Transfusion hazards

37
Q

If the number of causalties is more than 12 then we call it _________

A

Mishap or Mass disaster

38
Q

What is Suppositious child?

A

When woman pretends to be mother of a child

39
Q

Inheritance of blood group is by _______ law

A

Mendel’s law

40
Q

What is the first principle of mendels law

A

Blood group remains same in life

41
Q

What is the second principle of mendels law?

A

Individual can not posses any antigen which both his parents lack

42
Q

What is the third law of mendel law?

A

If one parent has homozygous blood group so the child will have 1 allele of it

43
Q

Blood group can be changed in instances like?

A

Liver transplant
Autoimmune diseases
Bone marrow transplant

44
Q

Associated anti A antibodies and anti B antibodies are usually _____ (IgM/IgG)

A

IgM

45
Q

Secretors vs Non secretors?

A

Those people who secrete ABO blood groups in cells and body fluids like saliva, semen, urine and vaginal fluid are called Secreters. So we can detect ABO from saliva on smoked cigarette

46
Q

About ___ % of population is secretors

A

80%

Forensic BLOOD AND GIT (3 decks)

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