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Physiology 3 > Blood & Red Blood Cells > Flashcards

Blood & Red Blood Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Components of blood:

A
  1. Erythrocytes/RBCs
  2. Leukocytes/WBCs
  3. Thrombocytes/Platelets
  4. Plasma
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2
Q

Breakdown of Plasma:

A
  • 92% water
  • 7% proteins
  • 1% inorganic & organic substances
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3
Q

Water in plasma (92%) is responsible for ________ pressure

A

hydrostatic

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4
Q

Proteins in plasma (7%) are responsible for _________ pressure

A

osmotic/oncotic

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5
Q

________ made by the liver, carries fatty acids/vitamins throughout blood

A

Albumin

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6
Q

Types of globulins in plasma:

A

alpha, beta, gamma

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7
Q

made by liver, carriers for lipids

A

alpha

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8
Q

made by liver, carriers for metals

A

beta

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9
Q

made by plasma cells, antibodies

A

gamma

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10
Q

Fibrinogen is necessary for _______ _________

A

clot formation

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11
Q

Difference between serum and plasma?

A

Serum does NOT contain coagulation factors

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12
Q

_________ is the % of total blood volume occupied by red blood cells

A

Hematocrit

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13
Q

____________ = RBC volume / total blood volume

A

Hematocrit

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14
Q

Normal hematocrit levels in women and men?

A

Women: 38%-46%
Men: 42-54%

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15
Q

An increase in hematocrit will _________ resistance and _________ flow rate; it will also _________ the risk of turbulent flow

A

increase; decrease; decrease

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16
Q

Erythrocyte functions

A
  • Hemoglobin transport
  • Contains carbonic anhydrase
  • Responsible for majority of blood’s acid/base buffering
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17
Q

Hemoglobin is important for transporting ______ & ______

A

O2 & CO2

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18
Q

Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reaction between _______ and _______ to form _________ and ultimately _________ (this helps with CO2 transport)

A

CO2; H20; H2CO3; HCO3-

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19
Q

Erythrocyte structure?

A

Biconcave disk with large and flexible membrane

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20
Q

Erythrocytes structure allows for maximal _____:_____ ______ (important for diffusion)

A

SA: Volume ratio

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21
Q

Fast or slow gas exchange from erythrocytes

A

Fast

22
Q

Erythrocytes have lack of ______ & _______ (mitochondria) but retain function cytoplasmic enzymes

A

nucleus & organelles

23
Q

Functions of cytoplasmic enzymes:

A
  • metabolize glucose (anaerobically)
  • form ATP
  • maintain ion transport
  • maintain iron in ferroud state
  • prevent oxidation of proteins in the RBC’s
24
Q

Site of RBC production: early gestation?

A

yolk sac

25
Q

Site of RBC production: later in gestation?

A

transitions to liver, spleen, and lymph nodes

26
Q

Site of RBC production: prior to birth?

A

transitions to bone marrow

27
Q

Younger children have primarily all _____ bone marrow

A

red

28
Q

By the age of ______, the red bone marrow transitions to _________ bone marrow

A

5; yellow

29
Q

Extra RBC reserves are stored in the _______, _______, & _______

A

liver; lung; spleen

30
Q

Blood cells begin as __________ ___________ stem cells

A

pluripotent hematopoietic

(ALL circulating blood cells derive from this cell type)

31
Q

Committed stems cells are often refered to as ________ ________ ________

A

colony-forming units (CFUs)

32
Q

Stem cells are dependent on different chemicals such as ________ & ________

A

Interleukin-3; Erythropoetin

33
Q

Interleukin-3 induces _______

A

growth

34
Q

Erythropoetin (EPO) induces _________

A

differentiation

35
Q

________ are the progenitors of erythrocytes

A

CFU-Es

36
Q

_________ are formed directly from CFU-E stem cells

A

Proerythroblasts

37
Q

Proerythoblasts contain massive ________, _________, ________, & ________

A

nucleus (80%)

mitochondria

golgi

ER

38
Q

Nucleus slightly smaller (75%) still have all organelles

A

Basophil erythroblasts

39
Q

Polychromatophil erythoblasts:

A

increases amount of hemoglobin (color change)

40
Q

What is the highest functioning erythrocyte?

A

Polychromatophil erythroblasts

41
Q

More hemoglobin present, nucleus is expelled

A

Orthochromatic erythroblasts

42
Q

No nucleus but still has some organelles; this is the form that exits the bone marrow

A

Reticulocytes

43
Q

What converts to erythrocytes once it loses the remainder of its organelles?

A

Reticulocytes

44
Q

Within blood stream, no nucleus or organelles

A

Erythrocytes

45
Q

_________ _________ controls RBC production

A

Tissue oxygenation

46
Q

increases RBC production

A

Hypoxia (decreased O2 delivery to tissues)

47
Q

Hypoxia (increases RBC production by increasing production of erythropoietin (EPO)

A
48
Q
A
49
Q
A
50
Q
A

Physiology 3 (4 decks)

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