Blood Products and IV Fluids

Question 1

Oxygen delivery (DO2) Formula

Answer 1

cardiac output X arterial oxygen content

Question 2

Transfusion Guidelines

Answer 2

No role for transfusion at a Hgb of > 10 g/dL
Depending on the clinical situation the range for transfusion is from Hgb of 6-10 g/dL
Target Hgb values of 7 to 8 g/dL are associated with better outcomes Compared with a target Hgb of 10 g/dL

Question 3

Crystalloids

Answer 3

Solutions that contain small molecules and are able to pass through semipermeable membranes
Isotonic solutions: NS, LR, Given to expand the ECF volume
Hypotonic solutions: D5W, 1/2 NS, Given to reverse dehydration
Hypertonic solutions: 3% NS, Given to increase the ECF volume and decrease cellular swelling

Question 4

Colloids

Answer 4

Solutions that contain high molecular weight proteins or starch
Do not cross the capillary semipermeable membrane and remain in the intravascular space, can Pull fluid out of the intracellular and interstitial space for several days

Question 5

Signs and symptoms of intravascular depletion

Answer 5

Decreased BP, flat jugular veins
Increased HR
Cool extremities

Question 6

Signs and symptoms of interstitial fluid depletion

Answer 6

Decreased skin turgor, sunken eyeballs, weight decrease

Can also have hemodynamic effects