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blood pressure Flashcards

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1
Q

generate an appropriate amount of intravascular pressure to ensure tissue perfusion

A

principle function of the cardiovascular system

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2
Q

the measurement of force applied to artery walls

A

blood pressure

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3
Q

refers only to arterial blood pressure

A

blood pressure

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4
Q

measures the pressure within veins

A

central venous pressure CVP

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5
Q

has the strongest correlation with body fluid volume

A

central venous pressure

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6
Q

what allows us to assess how well blood is returning to the heart and the hearts ability to recieve and pump blood

A

CVP

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7
Q

blood pressure too low

A

hypotension

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8
Q

what indicates inadequate organ perfusion

A

hypotension

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9
Q

what can be caused by drugs, vasodilation, toxins, shock, and severe dehydration

A

low BP

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10
Q

blood pressure is too high

A

hypertension

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11
Q

sensory nerve trauma that stimulates pressure change

A

barotrauma

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12
Q

what can cause over perfused or barotrauma in organs

A

high BP

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13
Q

what is usually due to kidney disease, hyperthyroidism, metabolic changes

A

high BP

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14
Q

what must be considered when evaluating a patients blood pressure

A

species, gender, and age

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15
Q

high risk high blood pressure that indicates intervention of drugs or antihypertensive agents

A

180/120mm Hg

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16
Q

moderately risk high blood pressure that indicates intervention should be considered due to risk of organ injury

A

150/95mm Hg

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17
Q

moderate risk low blood pressure that indicates intervention should be considered

A

100/60mm Hg

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18
Q

when can reduced organ perfusion occur

A

100/60mm Hg

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19
Q

high risk low blood pressure that mandates intervention with IV fluids and reduce anesthetics

A

70/40mm Hg

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20
Q

dog and cat normal systolic plood pressure

A

90/160mm Hg

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21
Q

dog and cat normal diastolic blood pressure

A

50/90mm Hg

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22
Q

normal awake mean arterial pressure

A

85-120mm Hg

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23
Q

normal anesthetized mean arterial pressure

A

70-90mm Hg

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24
Q

what is the most important measurement during anesthesia

A

MAP

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25
Q

average pressure through cardiac cycle

A

mean arterial pressure

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26
Q

what is the best indicator of blood perfusion

A

MAP

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27
Q

how do you calculate MAP

A

diastolic pressure+[(systolic pressure-diastolic pressure)/3]

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28
Q

what are the 2 ways of measuring blood pressure

A

direct or indirect

29
Q

what way of blood pressure measurment is more common in research and referral practice and rarely used in vet offices

A

direct

30
Q

what is a more acurate but more painful due to placement of catheter

A

direct

31
Q

what are the complications of direct blood pressure measurement

A

hematomas and infections

32
Q

what is the more common blood pressurement in vet practice due to its non invasiceness and affordability

A

indirect

33
Q

what are the 3 methods of availability for indirect measurement

A

ausculatatory, ultrasonic doppler, oscillometric

34
Q

manometer aka

A

sphygmomanometer

35
Q

what is used to measure pressure with an inflatable cuff

A

manometer and pressure transducer

36
Q

what blood pressure is the cuff inflated to exceed

A

systolic

37
Q

what are the 2 indirect methods of blood pressure measurement commonly used

A

doppler or oscillometric

38
Q

detects blood flow as a change in frequency of reflected sound due to RBC motion

A

doppler flowmeters

39
Q

how does the technician read the blood pressure

A

aneroid manometer

40
Q

what is more reliable for systolic blood pressure

A

dopplers

41
Q

what detects pressure fluctuations

A

oscillometrics

42
Q

what measures a systolic, diastolic, mean BP, and pulse rate

A

oscillometrics

43
Q

what sites are used for pressure measurement

A

bracheal, median, cranial tibial arteries

44
Q

what artery is the most common site of cuff placement

A

median arteries

45
Q

what can measure the bracheal artery

A

doppler and oscillometers

46
Q

what can measure the median artery

A

doppler and oscillometer

47
Q

what can measure thecranial tibial artery

A

oscillometer

48
Q

what is the best position of the animal

A

most comfortable

49
Q

what are the key points to patient positioning

A

comfortable, accessible, relaxed, immoble, cuff at heart level

50
Q

what should be placed around cuff to keep it in place

A

1 inch adhesive tape

51
Q

for placement of cuff above or below he heart what should be done

A

for every 2 cm above or below add or subtract 1mm Hg

52
Q

where is the transducer placed

A

between the carpal and metacarpal pad

53
Q

how is cuff size indicaed

A

#

54
Q

how is cuff width indicated

A

mm

55
Q

what should the cuff width be

A

30-50% of limb circumference

56
Q

what can an oversized cuff do

A

low reading

57
Q

what can an undersized cuff do

A

high reading

58
Q

what should the variation in readings be

A

no more than 20%

59
Q

how should systolic BP be altered in cats

A

add 15mm Hg

60
Q

should a diagnosis of systemic hypertension be based on a single BP measurement session

A

NEVER

61
Q

what can doing BP first, a quiet room, 5-15 minute acclimation, and present owner do

A

minimize anxiety

62
Q

what should be recorded on the data

A

measurements, cuff size and site, animal position, device, initials, attitude of patient

63
Q

what should always be the same each time the patient is evaluated

A

device, site, cuff placement

64
Q

measurement of the pressure within the central systemic veins

A

central venous pressure

65
Q

where should the manometer be held

A

at the level of the right atrium; midpoint between dorsum and ventrum

66
Q

how many CVP readings should be done

A

3-5

67
Q

normal h2o CVP value

A

0-5 cm

68
Q

what indicates increased vascular volume, suspected volume overload, and slowed or stopped fluid therapy

A

8-10 cm h20

69
Q

what indicates venous congestion, increased thoracic pressure, stopped fluid therapy, and volume overload

A

greater than 10 cm h20

surgical nursing (4 decks)

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