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Pharm > Blood Pressure > Flashcards

Blood Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

Which drug relaxes blood vessels and reduces blood pressure by inhibiting an enzyme that constricts blood vessels

A

ACE inhibitors

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2
Q

Action of ace inhibitors

A

Blocks angiotensin 1 from becoming angiotensin 2

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3
Q

Prototype drug for ace inhibitors

A

Captoprill

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4
Q

Side effects of ace inhibitors

A

Dry, cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension, angioedema

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5
Q

What is angioedema?

A

Swelling under the skin

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6
Q

What does ace stand for?

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

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7
Q

Which class of blood pressure medications blocks the action of angiotensin II, thus relaxing the blood vessels, and lowers blood pressure

A

Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)

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8
Q

What are the side effects of ARBs?

A

Dizziness, headache, and diarrhea

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9
Q

What is the prototype drug of ARBs?

A

Losartan

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10
Q

What class of anti-hypertension medication’s relax, and widen blood vessels by blocking calcium entry into cells, relaxing, blood pressure, and improving blood flow?

A

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)

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11
Q

Most calcium channel blockers end in —-
Except for two outliers.

A

Dipine
- verapamil
- diltiazem

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12
Q

What are the adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?

A

Dizziness, peripheral edema, bradycardia, hypotension , flushing

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13
Q

Which class of anti-hypertensive medication’s affects the muscles of the arteries and veins, preventing the muscles from tightening and the walls from narrowing. The blood flows more easily through the vessels, the heart doesn’t have to pump as hard, and blood pressure is lowered.

A

Vasodilators

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14
Q

Prototype drug for vasodilators?

A

Nitroprusside

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15
Q

Side effects for vasodilators

A

Apprehension, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, hypotension

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16
Q

What is diaphoresis?

A

Excessive sweating

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17
Q

What class of medication is the first line medications used in the step care management of hypertension?

A

Thiazide and thiazide-like Diuretics

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18
Q

What are some side effects of diuretics?

A

Increase urination, electrolyte, imbalance, acid-base imbalance

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19
Q

Two examples of thiazide diuretics:

A

1- chlorothiazide
2- Hydrochlorothiazide

20
Q

Three examples of thiazide-like diuretics

A

1- chlorthalidone
2- indapamide
3- metolazone

21
Q

Two examples of potassium sparing diuretics:

A

Amiloride
Spironolactone

22
Q

Which class of blood pressure medications are anti-sympathetic nervous system drugs?

A

Beta-Blockers

23
Q

Therapeutic actions of beta-blockers?

A

Blocks effects of adrenaline on the heart.
Decreases heart rate and blood pressure.
Improves cardiac function.

24
Q

Prototype drug for antihypertensive beta-blockers:

A

metoprolol

25
Q

Adverse effects of beta-blockers?

A

bradychardia

26
Q

Alpha- and Beta-Blockers, which are useful in conjunction with other agents) do what?

A

Block all receptors in the SNS

27
Q

Two examples of alpha- and beta- blockers:

A

carvedilol & labetalol

28
Q

Adverse effects of alpha- and beta- blockers?

A

Fatigue, loss of libido

29
Q

Action of alpha-adrenergic blockers?

A

Decreases sympathetic tone in the vasculature, causing vasodilation = lowers blood pressure

30
Q

Two examples of alpha-adrenergic blockers

A

phenoxybenzamine & phentolamine

31
Q

alpha-adrenergic blockers are used to diagnose and manage episodes of what conditions?

A

pheochromocytoma

32
Q

What is the condition, pheochromocytoma?

A

A hormone-secreting tumor that can occur in the adrenal gland.

33
Q

Therapeutic action of alpha-1 blockers?

A

Blocks postsynaptic alpha-1-receptor sites
Decreases vascular tone
Promotes vasodilation

34
Q

Three examples of alpha1-blockers:

A
  1. doxazosin
  2. prazosin
  3. terazosin
35
Q

Therapeutic action of alpha2-agonsists

A

-inhibits the CV centers = decrease in sympathetic outflow from the CNS = drop in BP

36
Q

3 examples of alpha2-agonist medications?

A
  1. clonidine
  2. guanfacine
  3. methyldopa
37
Q

Adverse effects of alpha2-agonists?

A

Dysrhythmias

38
Q

Two classes of drugs that are considered antihypotensive agents?

A

Sympathetic adrenergic agonists
vassopressors

39
Q

What is the first choice of drugs for treating severe hypotension or shock ?

A

sympathomimetic drugs

40
Q

Action of antihypotensive agents?

A

-reacts with sympathetic adrenergic receptors to cause the effect of sympathetic stress response=
1. increases BP
2. increases blood volume
3. increases strength of cardiac muscle contraction

41
Q

Adverse effects of antihypotensive agents?

A
  1. headache
  2. changes in blood flow with numbness
  3. tingling
  4. gangrene (extreme cases)
42
Q

5 examples of antihypotensive agents?

A
  1. dobutamine
  2. dopamine
  3. ephedrine
  4. epinephrine
  5. norepinephrine
43
Q

Therapeutic action of blood-pressure-raising agents (vassopressors)

A

increases vascular tone in arteries and veins thereby increasing BP

44
Q

Example of blood-pressure-raising agents (vassopressors)

A

midodrine

45
Q

What condition is midodrine used for?

A

orthostatic hypotension

Pharm (5 decks)

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