blood pressure Flashcards
______measures cardiovascular function by measuring the force of blood exerted on ______ during the cardiac cycle or heartbeat.
Blood pressure
peripheral arteries
blood pressure measurement consists of two components. What are they
Systole-Force exerted on the arterial walls during cardiac contraction
Diastole-Force exerted on the arterial walls during cardiac relaxation.
blood pressure measurement consists of two components. What are they
Systole-Force exerted on the arterial walls during cardiac contraction
Diastole-Force exerted on the arterial walls during cardiac relaxation.
The ________ indicates the maximum amount of work/force the heart has to perform with each stroke in order to move blood through the arteries. It also may indicate how compliant the arteries are in order to accommodate blood
Systolic Blood pressure
The _____ indicates the amount of pressure the heart must overcome in order to generate the next beat.
diastolic blood pressure
The _____ indicates the amount of pressure the heart must overcome in order to generate the next beat.
diastolic blood pressure
PERSISTENT elevation of either diastolic or systolic blood pressure
Hypertension
PERSISTENT elevation of either diastolic or systolic blood pressure
Hypertension
High blood pressure with no identifiable cause
Essential (Primary) Hypertension
High blood pressure with a known cause
Secondary Hypertension
disease of the blood vessels the kidney
Renovascular disease
Examples of secondary Hypertension
Drug Induced or related causes
Chronic Kidney Disease
Renovascular disease
Chronic steroid therapy
The curve in the upper surface of a liquid close to the surface of the container; The blood pressure is read at the meniscus of the mercury as it descends the column.
Meniscus
Distinct blood pressure sounds were first described by a Russian physician named Nikolai Korotkov(Korotkoff)
Korotkoff Sounds
A clear tapping sound. The onset of the sound of two consecutive beats is considered systolic blood pressure.
1st phase
A tapping sound, followed by a murmur. Usually 10 -15 mm hg below first phase and lasting for 14 -20 mm hg.
Second phase
In some instances, such as when the cuff is inflated too slowly, part or all of the sounds of this phase may be absent, resulting in a period of silence known as an
Auscultatory gap
A loud, crisp tapping sound.
Third Phase
Abrupt, distinct muffling of sound, gradually decreasing in intensity.
Fourth Phase
the disappearance of sound, considered diastolic blood pressure. This is defined as 2 points below where the last sound was heard through the stethoscope.
5th phase
Factors that affect blood pressure
Blood Volume Peripheral resistance Vessel elasticity Condition of the heart muscle Viscosity of the blood
Blood pressure is measured by the _______method using a
auscultatory(listening)
sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope.
Blood pressure is measured by the _______method using a
auscultatory(listening)
sphygmomanometer and a stethoscope.
Consists of a cuff containing a rubber bladder attached by rubber tubing to a glass column of mercury.
Are the most accurate method of blood pressure measurement and are considered the standard because blood Pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).
Mercury Manometer
A cuff containing a rubber bladder attached to a dial. The blood pressure is read at the point of the needle descending the dial.
Aneroid Manometer
The ________ is necessary to obtain accurate blood pressure
Appropriate cuff size
