Blood pressure

Question 1

what is blood pressure

Answer 1

blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the vessel walls

Question 2

what is systolic blood pressure

Answer 2

systolic blood pressure is the force of the blood against artery walls when the heart pumps

Question 3

what is systole

Answer 3

systole is when the heart muscle contracts, blood pressure increases

Question 4

what is diastole

Answer 4

diastole is when the heart muscle relaxes, blood pressure decreases

Question 5

what is diastolic blood pressure

Answer 5

diastolic blood pressure is the force of blood on artery walls when the heart is filling

Question 6

What is mean arterial pressure

Answer 6

mean arterial pressure is the average pressure in a persons arteries during a single cardiac cycle

Question 7

how can you calculate mean arterial pressure

Answer 7

MAP= systolic + (2x diastolic)/ 3

Question 8

What are the three factors that affect blood pressure

Answer 8

Cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate

Question 9

What is cardiac output

Answer 9

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped per minute by each ventricle calculated by
CO= HR x stroke vol

Question 10

What is stroke volume

Answer 10

Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle with each heartbeat

Question 11

What is heart rate

Answer 11

Heartrate is the number of heart beats per minute

Question 12

What is peripheral resistance

Answer 12

Peripheral resistance is the total resistance to the flow of blood in the systemic circulation.

Question 13

What is blood flow

Answer 13

Blood flow is the continuous movement of blood through the circulatory system, it can be affected by the thickness of blood and total vessel length

Question 14

What factors cause vasoconstriction

Answer 14

Hormones, stress & anxiety, caffeine, salt, drugs, cholesterol

Question 15

What factors cause vasodilation

Answer 15

Alcohol, exercise, temperature, inflammation

Question 16

How does blood volume effect blood pressure

Answer 16

The more fluid a closed system holds, the greater the pressure

Question 17

What are baroreceptors

Answer 17

Baroreceptors are receptors that detect changes in BP

Question 18

What is the difference between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

Answer 18

The parasympathetic is the rest and digest and the sympathetic is fight tor flight

Question 19

How is blood pressure lowered

Answer 19

Either: Sympathetic input is lowered & parasympathetic input is raised which leads to an decrease in heart rate and stroke volume which lowers cardiac output and stroke volume

Or: Vasodilation decreases peripheral resistance which decreases BP

Question 20

How is blood pressure raised

Answer 20

Either: There is an increase in sympathetic nerve activity which increases heart rate and stroke volume which increases cardiac output

Or: there is an increase in sympathetic input which leads to vasoconstriction and an increase in peripheral resistance

Question 21

What is the baroreceptor reflex

Answer 21

The baroreceptor reflex is a homeostatic mechanism to maintain blood pressure

Question 22

What is postural hypertension

Answer 22

Postural hypertension is where the baroreceptors are hindered due to prolonged high BP which leaves people dizzy when they stand

Question 23

What are the cardiovascular changes in pregnancy

Answer 23

Cardiac output increases
Blood volume increases by 30-50%
BP decreases in 1st and 2nd trimester due to progesterone decreasing peripheral resistance
HR increases by 15 bpm

Question 24

What is supine hypertensive syndrome

Answer 24

In the 2nd half of pregnancy due to the compression of the aorta and inferior vena cava cardiac output is decreased.